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1、HEADInthisargument,thearguerconcludes/recommends/advocatesthatwillleadto.Tosupport/justifytheconclusion/claim,thearguerpointsout/claimsthat.Inaddition,thearguerreasonsthat.Theargumentsuffersfromseveralcriticalfallacies.BODY小推大Anadditionalreasoningflawintheargumentisthearguer’s
2、underlyingassumptionthatarerepresentativeofall.However,onlyisrarelysufficienttoestablishageneralconclusionthat.Therefore,Icannotacceptthearguer’sgeneralizationabout.大推小Thearguercommitsafallacyof“misappliedgeneralization”inassumingthatappliesspecificallyto.Lackingtheevidencetha
3、treflectsthegeneral,thearguercannotjustifyhisrecommendationbasedonthenationwidesurvey.原因过简：Thearguercommitsafallacyofcausaloversimplificationinassumingthat.WhileAisanimportantelementindeterringB,itishighlypossibleotherfactmayhavecontributedtoB.Forinstance,.Andthearguerneglects
4、thefact,withoutrulingouttheseandotherpossiblefacts,thearguercouldnotsafelydrawanysignificantconclusionorprediction.相同或同时的关系误认为是因果关系：ThearguerusesthepositivecorrelationbetweenAandBtoestablishcausality.However,thefactthatAcoincidewithBdoesnotnecessaryprovethatAcaused.Thearguerha
5、snotruledoutotherpossiblecausesforB,suchascouldberesponsibleforB.错误类比：AnalogiesdrawbetweenAandBarehighlysuspectbecausetherearemanyseriousdifferences.Forinstance,.AlthoughtherearepointsofcomparisonbetweenAandB,butapparently,differencesbetweenAandBclearlyoutweighthesurfacesimila
6、rities.Thus,itisimpossibletoconcludethat.忽略时间地点的不同：Thearguerassumeswithoutjustificationthatthebackgroundconditionshaveremainthesameatthedifferenttimesanddifferentlocations.Thus,itisimpossibletoconcludethat.非此即彼：Thearguer’srecommendationrestsontheunlikelyassumptionthatAandBarem
7、utuallyexclusivealternatives.However,theargueroverlooksthepossibilitythat.Thus,tosomeextent,therecommendationisunwarranted.片面性：ThearguerfailstoconsidertheBsideofmightbring.Forexample,.ItmayturnoutthatBsidefaroutweightheAside,becausethearguer’sargumentlacksacompleteanalysisofth
8、esituation.Thewriterconcludesthat....Tosupporthisconclusion,h
