英语语言学名词解释补充.doc

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1、Chapter11 :SecondLanguageAcquisition1.secondlanguageacquisition:Itreferstothesystematicstudyofhowonepersonacquiresasecondlanguagesubsequenttohisnativelanguage.2.targetlanguage:Thelanguagetobeacquiredbythesecondlanguagelearner.3.secondlanguage:Asecondlanguageisalanguagewhichisnotanat

2、ivelanguageinacountrybutwhichiswidelyusedasamediumofcommunicationandwhichisusuallyusedalongsideanotherlanguageorlanguages.4.foreignlanguage:Aforeignlanguageisalanguagewhichistaughtasaschoolsubjectbutwhichisnotusedasamediumofinstructioninschoolsnorasalanguageofcommunicationwithinacou

3、ntry.5.interlanguage:Atypeoflanguageproducedbysecondandforeignlanguagelearners,whoareintheprocessoflearningalanguage,andthistypeoflanguageusuallycontainswrongexpressions.6.fossilization:Insecondorforeignlanguagelearning,thereisaprocesswhichsometimesoccursinwhichincorrectlinguisticfe

4、aturesbecomeapermanentpartofthewayapersonspeaksorwritesalanguage.7.contrastiveanalysis:amethodofanalyzinglanguagesforinstructionalpurposeswherebyanativelanguageandtargetlanguagearecomparedwithaviewtoestablishingpointsofdifferencelikelytocausedifficultiesforlearners.8.contrastiveanal

5、ysishypothesis:Ahypothesisinsecondlanguageacquisition.Itpredictsthatwheretherearesimilaritiesbetweenthefirstandsecondlanguages,thelearnerwillacquiresecondlanguagestructurewithease,wheretherearedifferences,thelearnerwillhavedifficulty.9.positivetransfer:Itreferstothetransferthatoccur

6、whenboththenativelanguageandthetargetlanguagehavethesameform,thusmakinglearningeasier.(06F)10.negativetransfer:themistakentransferoffeaturesofone’snativelanguageintoasecondlanguage.11.erroranalysis:thestudyandanalysisoferrorsmadebysecondandforeignlanguagelearnersinordertoidentifycau

7、sesoferrorsorcommondifficultiesinlanguagelearning.12.interlingualerror:errors,whichmainlyresultfromcross-linguisticinterferenceatdifferentlevelssuchasphonological,lexical,grammaticaletc.13.intralingualerror:Errors,whichmainlyresultfromfaultyorpartiallearningofthetargetlanguage,indep

8、endentofthenativela