英语语言学名词解释

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1、.Chapter12 :LanguageAndBrain1.neurolinguistics:Itisthestudyofrelationshipbetweenbrainandlanguage.Itincludesresearchintohowthestructureofthebraininfluenceslanguagelearning,howandinwhichpartsofthebrainlanguageisstored,andhowdamagetothebrainaffectstheabilitytouselanguage.2.psycholinguisti

2、cs:thestudyoflanguageprocessing.Itisconcernedwiththeprocessesoflanguageacqisition,comprehensionandproduction.3.brainlateralization:Thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptivefunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrain.4.dichoticlistening:Atechniqueinwhichstimulieitherlinguisticornon-linguis

3、ticarepresentedthroughheadphonestotheleftandrighteartodeterminethelateralizationofcognitivefunction.5.rightearadvantage:Thephenomenonthattherightearshowsanadvantagefortheperceptionoflinguisticsignalsidknownastherightearadvantage.6.splitbrainstudies:Theexperimentsthatinvestigatetheeffec

4、tsofsurgicallyseveringthecorpuscallosumoncognitionarecalledassplitbrainstudies.7.aphasia:Itreferstoanumberofacquiredlanguagedisordersduetothecerebrallesionscausedbyatumor,anaccidentandsoon.8.non-fluentaphasia:Damagetopartsofthebraininfrontofthecentralsulcusiscallednon-fluentaphasia.9.f

5、luentaphasia:Damagetopartsoftheleftcortexbehindthecentralsulcusresultsinatypeofaphasiacalledfluentaphasia.10.Acquireddyslexia:Damageinandaroundtheangulargyrusoftheparietallobeoftencausestheimpairmentofreadingandwritingability,whichisreferredtoasacquireddyslexia.11.phonologicaldyslexia:

6、itisatypeofacquireddyslexiainwhichthepatientseemstohavelosttheabilitytousespelling-to-soundrules.12.surfacedyslexia:itisatypeofacquireddyslexiainwhichthepatientseemsunabletorecognizewordsaswholebutmustprocessallwordsthroughasetofspelling-to-soundrules.13.spoonerism:aslipoftongueinwhich

7、thepositionofsounds,syllables,orwordsisreversed,forexample,Let’shavechishandfipsinstendofLet’shavefishandchips.14.priming:theprocessthatbeforetheparticipantsmakeadecisionwhetherthestringoflettersisawordornot,theyarepresentedwithanactivatedword.15.frequencyeffect:Subjectstakelesstimet