英语语言学名词解释

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1、Chapter12 :LanguageAndBrain1.neurolinguistics:Itisthestudyofrelationshipbetweenbrainandlanguage.Itincludesresearchintohowthestructureofthebraininfluenceslanguagelearning,howandinwhichpartsofthebrainlanguageisstored,andhowdamagetothebrainaffectstheabilitytous

2、elanguage.2.psycholinguistics:thestudyoflanguageprocessing.Itisconcernedwiththeprocessesoflanguageacqisition,comprehensionandproduction.3.brainlateralization:Thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptivefunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrain.4.dichoticlistenin

3、g:Atechniqueinwhichstimulieitherlinguisticornon-linguisticarepresentedthroughheadphonestotheleftandrighteartodeterminethelateralizationofcognitivefunction.5.rightearadvantage:Thephenomenonthattherightearshowsanadvantagefortheperceptionoflinguisticsignalsidkn

4、ownastherightearadvantage.6.splitbrainstudies:Theexperimentsthatinvestigatetheeffectsofsurgicallyseveringthecorpuscallosumoncognitionarecalledassplitbrainstudies.7.aphasia:Itreferstoanumberofacquiredlanguagedisordersduetothecerebrallesionscausedbyatumor,anac

5、cidentandsoon.8.non-fluentaphasia:Damagetopartsofthebraininfrontofthecentralsulcusiscallednon-fluentaphasia.9.fluentaphasia:Damagetopartsoftheleftcortexbehindthecentralsulcusresultsinatypeofaphasiacalledfluentaphasia.10.Acquireddyslexia:Damageinandaroundthea

6、ngulargyrusoftheparietallobeoftencausestheimpairmentofreadingandwritingability,whichisreferredtoasacquireddyslexia.11.phonologicaldyslexia:itisatypeofacquireddyslexiainwhichthepatientseemstohavelosttheabilitytousespelling-to-soundrules.12.surfacedyslexia:iti

7、satypeofacquireddyslexiainwhichthepatientseemsunabletorecognizewordsaswholebutmustprocessallwordsthroughasetofspelling-to-soundrules.13.spoonerism:aslipoftongueinwhichthepositionofsounds,syllables,orwordsisreversed,forexample,Let’shavechishandfipsinstendofLe

8、t’shavefishandchips.14.priming:theprocessthatbeforetheparticipantsmakeadecisionwhetherthestringoflettersisawordornot,theyarepresentedwithanactivatedword.15.frequencyeffect:Subjectstakelesstimeto