英语语言学名词解释

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1、Chapter12 :LanguageAndBrain1.neurolinguistics:Itisthestudyofrelationshipbetweenbrainandlanguage.Itincludesresearchintohowthestructureofthebraininfluenceslanguagelearning,howandinwhichpartsofthebrainlanguageisstored,andhowdamagetothebrainaffectstheabilitytouselanguage.2.psycholinguisti

2、cs:thestudyoflanguageprocessing.Itisconcernedwiththeprocessesoflanguageacqisition,comprehensionandproduction.3.brainlateralization:Thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptivefunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrain.4.dichoticlistening:Atechniqueinwhichstimulieitherlinguisticornon-lingui

3、sticarepresentedthroughheadphonestotheleftandrighteartodeterminethelateralizationofcognitivefunction.5.rightearadvantage:Thephenomenonthattherightearshowsanadvantagefortheperceptionoflinguisticsignalsidknownastherightearadvantage.6.splitbrainstudies:Theexperimentsthatinvestigatetheeff

4、ectsofsurgicallyseveringthecorpuscallosumoncognitionarecalledassplitbrainstudies.7.aphasia:Itreferstoanumberofacquiredlanguagedisordersduetothecerebrallesionscausedbyatumor,anaccidentandsoon.8.non-fluentaphasia:Damagetopartsofthebraininfrontofthecentralsulcusiscallednon-fluentaphasia.

5、9.fluentaphasia:Damagetopartsoftheleftcortexbehindthecentralsulcusresultsinatypeofaphasiacalledfluentaphasia.10.Acquireddyslexia:Damageinandaroundtheangulargyrusoftheparietallobeoftencausestheimpairmentofreadingandwritingability,whichisreferredtoasacquireddyslexia.11.phonologicaldysle

6、xia:itisatypeofacquireddyslexiainwhichthepatientseemstohavelosttheabilitytousespelling-to-soundrules.12.surfacedyslexia:itisatypeofacquireddyslexiainwhichthepatientseemsunabletorecognizewordsaswholebutmustprocessallwordsthroughasetofspelling-to-soundrules.13.spoonerism:aslipoftonguein

7、whichthepositionofsounds,syllables,orwordsisreversed,forexample,Let’shavechishandfipsinstendofLet’shavefishandchips.14.priming:theprocessthatbeforetheparticipantsmakeadecisionwhetherthestringoflettersisawordornot,theyarepresentedwithanactivatedword.15.frequencyeffect:Subjectstakelesst

8、imeto