英语语言学名词解释 最终版

英语语言学名词解释 最终版

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时间:2019-09-18

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1、现代语言学1language:languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.1interlanguage:Thetypeoflanguageproducedbynonnativespeakersintheprocessoflearningasecondlanguageorforeignlanguage.1Linguistics:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguag

2、e2Phonetics:Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticscommunicationiscalledphonetics.Forexample,vowelsandconsonants3Phonology”:Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.Forexample,phone,phoneme,andallophone.4Morphology形态学:Thestudyofthew

3、ayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.Forexample,boyand“ish”---boyish,teach---teacher.5Syntax句型:Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax.Foresample,”Johnlikelinguistics.”6Semantics语义学:Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisca

4、lledsemantics.Forexample,:Thesealcouldnotbefound.Thezookeeperbecameworried.”Thesealcouldnotbefound,Thekingbecameworried.”Herethewordsealmeansdifferentthings.7Pragmatics语用学:Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.Forexample,“Ido”Theworddomeansdifferentconte

5、xt.二音系学1Phonetics:Thestudyofsoundsthatareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.2Phonology:Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.3Phone:Phonecanbesimplydefinedasthespeechsoundsweusewhenspeakingalanguage.Aphoneisaphoneticuni

6、torsegement.Itdoesnotnecessarilydistinguishmeaning;somedo,somedon’t.4Phoneme音素:Phonologyisconcernedwiththespeechsoundswhichdistinguishmeaning.Thebasicunitinphonologyiscalledphoneme;itisaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.5allophone同位音:Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentap

7、honemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentarecalledtheallophonesofthatphoneme.6Complementarydistribution:Thesetwoallophonesofthesamephonemearesaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.7Minimalpair:Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegementwhichoccursin

8、thesameplaceinthestings,thetwowordsaresaidtoformaminimalpair.10intonation朗诵:Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanth

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