英语语言学名词解释

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1、AcronymsAcronymsisawordcoinedbyputtingtogethertheinitiallettersofagroupofwords.AffixationAwordformationapproachthatattachesmorpheme–anaffixtoabase，whichisawordwith1ormoreaffixesinit.Anaphoricreference前照应Ademonstrativedeterminerwithanaphoricreferenceismorelikelytogowithanon-restrictiverelativeclaus

2、eCataphoricreference后照应Ademonstrativedeterminerwithcataphoricreference，whichgoeswitharestrictiverelativeclauseCollectivenounsThesearegenerallycountablenouns，buteveninthesingulartheyrefertogroupsofpeople，animalsorthings.CompoundAcompound，theproductofcomposition，anditisalexicalunitconsistingofmoreth

3、anonebaseandfunctioningbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyasasingleword.ConversionThederivationalprocesswherebyanitemisadaptedorconvertedtoanewwordclasswithouttheadditionofanaffix.Coordination并列词Realizedbycoordinators（alsotermedcoordinatingconjunctions）whichjoinunitsatthesamelevel.CountablenounsNouns

4、thatcantakeplural.Danglingparticiple:{2{Z0NA_x001D_Whenthesubjectofparticipleisnotexpressed,itisnormallytobethesubjectoftheclause.Itisusuallypoorgrammar,andsometimesabsurd,ifthisruleisbroken:Tryingtobequiet,thefloorboardcreaked.Buttheruleisoftenbrokenwhenthesubjectisvaguelyunderstoodtobe“one”,“we”

5、,“you”,peopleingeneral.DeterminerWordsusedinthepremodificationofnounphraseandputbeforeanyadjectivesthatpremodifytheheadwordofnoun.DynamicadjectivesManyadjectivescanalsobeusedinthedynamicsense（bebeinga.）inpredicativepositiontoshowsubjectivemeasurementorsuggestatemporarystate，implyingthequalitiescan

6、becontrolledorrestricted.（e.g.heisbeingrude）end-focus尾部焦点underneutralconditions，thenucleusfallsonthelastelementofthesequenceasitiscommonthatweprocesstheinformationinamessagetoachievealinearpresentationformlowtohighinformationvalue.Werefertothisastheprincipleofend-focus.ellipsis：省略leavesouttheredun

7、dant/wordypartanddonotprovideasubstitute.ExclamationExpressourimpression，especiallyoursurprise，excitement，amazement，etc.Itdoesn‘ttakeS-Vinversion.exophoricreference语言外照应Nonlinguisticorsituationalcontext.Finitever