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1、EnglishStylisticsChapter3Surface-StructureDeviationSurface-StructureDeviationPhonologicalDeviation1SyntacticDeviation3LexicalDeviation4GraphologicalDeviation23.1PhonologicalDeviationFeaturesatthephonologicallevelfunctionmorebybeingoverregularratherthanbeingdeviant,sincethey
2、belongtothesurface-structureoftheEnglishlanguage.ForExample?3.1PhonologicalDeviation3.1.1OmissionAphesisSyncopeApocopeOmission3.1PhonologicalDeviationAphesisreferstotheomissionofaninitialpartofaword.E.g.Thouonwhosestream,’midthesteepsky’scommotion,Loosecloudslikeearth’sdeca
3、yingleavesareshed.(P.B.Shelley,OdetotheWestWind)3.1.1Omission—Aphesisamid3.1PhonologicalDeviationSyncopereferstotheomissionofamedialpartofaword.E.g.Avoicesothrillingne’erwasheardInspring-timefromthecuckoo-bird,BreakingthesilenceoftheseasAmongthefarthestHebrides.(Wordsworth,
4、TheSolitaryReaper)3.1.1Omission—Syncopenever3.1PhonologicalDeviationApocopereferstotheomissionofafinalpartofaword.E.g.Tilla’theseasgangdry,mydear,Andtherocksmeltwi’thesunIwilllovetheestill,mydear,Whilethesandso’lifeshallrun.(RobertBurns,ARed,RedRose)3.1.1Omission—Apocopeall
5、withof3.1PhonologicalDeviationTheomissionsareconventionalmeansforthesakeofsoundpatterns.Itmakeseasierforpoetstoarrangetherhymesandmetersinpoems.3.1.1Omission3.1PhonologicalDeviationTheuseofmispronunciationandsubstandardpronunciationmayhelptovividlydescribeacharacter.Andsubs
6、tandardlanguageisperceivedasmoreforceful,moredirectinexpressionforstandardlanguageisperceivedasmorecivilized,moreeducatedthanthesubstandardone,andsometimesmoreindirect.3.1.2Mispronunciation&Sub-StandardPronunciation3.1PhonologicalDeviationE.g.Dickens,OliveTwistMr.Bumbleporo
7、chial→parochial牧区的blackin’-bottle→blacking-bottle’prentice→apprentice’em→themantimonial→antinomian反对遵从律法的3.1.2Mispronunciation&Sub-StandardPronunciation3.1PhonologicalDeviationE.g.T.Dreiser,SisterCarrieAnoldIrishwomanye→youmurthering→murderingdivil→devilthafe→thief3.1.2Misp
8、ronunciation&Sub-StandardPronunciation3.1PhonologicalDeviationE.g.C.Maclnnes,Absol
