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1、FiveLevelsofDegreesofFormalityIntroductionDefinitionFeaturesExampleIntroductionMartinJoos’classificationofdegreesofformalityinhisbookTheFiveClocks(1962)isoffivelevels:frozen,formal,consultative,casualandintimate.FrozenstyleDefinition:Frozenstyleisusedbyprofessionalspeakersforp
2、ublicpurposes,suchaslegaldocumentsregulations,formalceremonies.Features:A.Fixedformandstuctureasiffrozen.B.Oftenusedonhightlysignificantoccasions.eg:Inaugural,ceremony,courtoflaw.C.Archaicwords,formalandbigexpressions,longandcomplexsentences.ExampleWeholdthesetruthstobeself-ev
3、ident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,thatamongthesearelife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness……——DeclarationofIndependenceFormalstyleDefinition:Formalstyleisusedbeforealargeaudiencesuchasformallectures,inauguraladdressofpres
4、identelect,scientificreports.Features:A.Tightlystructuredandwell-planned,nofragments,norepetitionandsecondthought.B.Vocabularytechnical,variedconsciously.C.Clearandcarefulpronunciation.D.Differentsentencestructures.ExampleThankyouverymuch,Mr.Mayor.Iappreciateyourkindwordsofint
5、roduction.Andwe'redelightedtobeheretoday.MywifeandIareprivilegedtohavetheopportunityonceagaintotravelinChina.——USVicePresident'sSpeechatFudanUniversityConsultativestyleDefinition:Consultativestyleisusedforconductingmostbusinessmatters,suchastalkingwithstrangers,buyingthingsina
6、shop,askingthewayinthesreet.Features:A.Thisvatietyreflectsthemostbasicandcommonfeaturesamong5varieties.B.Sentencesarenottoolong,wordsareplainandareoftenarrangedinnormalorder.C.Somegrammaticalphenomenanotpreferredlikeparticiplesusedasadverbials.D.Novariationindiction.E.Sentence
7、softenbeginwith:well,but,so...Example"Where'sVanBummel,theshoolmaster?""Hewentofftothewartoo,wasthegreatmilitiageneral,andisnowinCongress."——RipVanWinkleCasualstyleDefinition:Casualstyleisthelanguageusedforsituationsinwhichnosocialbarriersarefeltbytheparticipants.Itisthelangua
8、geusedamongfriendsacquaintances,insiders,andpeoplewithsharedk
