当代语言学导论课件.ppt

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1、Lecture2WhatIsLinguistics2.1Definitionoflinguistics2.2Branchesoflinguistics2.3Macrolinguistics2.4Importantdistinctionsinlinguistics2.1DefinitionLinguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.study–investigationscientific-exhaustiveness穷尽性consistency一致性economy简洁性objectivity客观性2.2Branches

2、oflinguistics2.2.1Phonetics语音学2.2.2Phonology音系学2.2.3Morphology形态学2.2.4Syntax句法学2.2.5Semantics语义学2.2.6Pragmatics语用学2.2.7Modernlinguisticsandtraditionalgrammar2.2.1Phonetics语音学Phoneticsisthestudyofspeechsounds.Threedifferentbranchesofphonetics:1)Articulatoryphonetics发音语音学2)Auditoryph

3、onetics听觉语音学3)Acousticphonetics声学语音学2.2.2Phonology音系学Phonologystudiesthesoundsystemoflanguages.Theaimofphonologyistodemonstratethepatternsofdistinctivesoundsfoundinalanguage,andtomakeasgeneralstatementsaspossibleaboutthenatureofsoundsystemsinthelanguagesoftheworld.Theobjectofstudyi

4、nphonologyisphoneme(音位).2.2.3Morphology形态学Morphologystudiestheformationofwords,thatis,howwordsareformedfromsmallerunitsofmeaning–morphemes.Morphemesaretheminimalunitsofmeaning.Theycanbeusedtoderivewordsandtogivegrammaticalinformationaboutaword.Languagesdifferintheirdegreeofdependen

5、ceonmorphologicalcomponents.Chinese:男：我是学生。女：我是学生。男男：我们是学生。女女：我们是学生。English:Boy:I’mastudent.Girl:I’mastudent.Boys:We’restudents.Girls:We’restudents.French:Garçon:Jesuisétudiant.Fille:Jesuisétudiante.Garçons:Noussommesétudiants.Filles:Noussommesétudiantes.2.2.4Syntax句法学Syntaxstudies

6、therulesthatgoverntheformationofsentencesfromwords.Theserulesspecifywordorder,sentenceorganization,andtherelationshipbetweenwordorder,wordclassesandothersentenceelements.Emmaloadedthegroceriesintothecar.Emmaloadedthecarwithgroceries.Hedidn’tcomebecauseofyou.2.2.5Semantics语义学Semanti

7、csisthestudyofmeaning.It’snotonlyconcernedwiththemeaningofwords,butalsothatofmorphemesandofsentences.2.2.6Pragmatics语用学Pragmaticsisthestudyofmeaningincontext.Itdealswithspecificutterancesinspecificsituations.2.2.7ModernlinguisticsandtraditionalgrammarSaussure,“Fatherofmodernlinguis

8、tics”,CourseinGeneralLingu