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1、ClassificationandTranslationofIdioms习语的分类与翻译Eachlanguagecontainsmanyelementsderivedfromitsculture,suchasidiomsandotherfixedexpressions.First,itisnecessarytohaveaclearknowledgeofsomebasicconcepts.一、ABriefDiscussionofSeveralFundamentalConcepts1.1DefinitionofIdiomsEachlanguageha
2、smanyidioms.Idiomsarelinguisticchunks(语言模块)madeupoffixedexpressionsandsentences.Idiomsincludesetphrases,proverbs,allusions,commonsayingsorfolkadages(俗语),ect.Theyareknownas“熟语”inChinese.Themeaningofanidiomisnotclearfromthemeaningofitsindividualwords.Anidiommustbelearnedasawhol
3、eunit.Englishhasmanyidioms.E.g.giveway,achangeofheart,behardputtoit.Chinesealsoboastsplentyofidioms.E.g.“小题大做”(tomakeamountainoutofamolehill鼹丘)、“后来居上”、“朝秦暮楚”(serve等。theStateofQininthemorningandtheStateofChuintheevening—bequicktoswitchsides;befickle;beinconstant);“杯弓蛇影”(mistak
4、ingthereflectionofabowinthecupforasnake—besetwithimaginaryfears;extremelysuspicious);“杯水车薪”（tryingtoputoutablazingcartloadoffaggotswithacupofwater—anutterlyinadequatemeasure）Idiomsarebasedonpeople’scommonexperiencesinlife.Theyshinewithpeople’swisdomandtheyarecharacterizedbyna
5、tionalcultures.Nowondersomepeoplesaythatidiomsarethecreamorthebestpartoflanguage.Translationisnotonlyaninter-lingualtransfer,butalsoacross-culturalcommunication.Beforewetalkabouttranslationofidioms,wethinkthatitisnecessarytodiscusstherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.betw
6、eenlanguageandculture.1.2TheRelationshipBetweenLanguageandCultureCultureisthemediumevolvedbyhumanstosurvive.Nothinginhumanlifeisfreefromculturalinfluence.Itisthekeystoneincivilization’sarchandisthemediumthroughwhichalllife’seventsmustflow(Samovar&Porter,2000:22).Cultureisreal
7、lyanextremelywideandcomplexconcept.Themoderntechnicaldefinitionofculture,associallypatternedhumanthoughtandbehavior,wasoriginallyproposedbythe19thcen-turyBritishanthropologist,EdwardTylor(2005):“Culture…isthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,beliefs,arts,moral,law,customsan
8、danyothercapa-bilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thes
