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1、ClassificationandTranslationofIdioms习语的分类与翻译Eachlanguagecontainsmanyelementsderivedfromitsculture,suchasidiomsandotherfixedexpressions.First,itisnecessarytohaveaclearknowledgeofsomebasicconcepts.一、ABriefDiscussionofSeveralFundamentalConcepts1.1DefinitionofIdiomsEachlanguagehasmanyidi
2、oms.Idiomsarelinguisticchunks(语言模块)madeupoffixedexpressionsandsentences.Idiomsincludesetphrases,proverbs,allusions,commonsayingsorfolkadages(俗语),ect.Theyareknownas“熟语”inChinese.Themeaningofanidiomisnotclearfromthemeaningofitsindividualwords.Anidiommustbelearnedasawholeunit.Englishhas
3、manyidioms.E.g.giveway,achangeofheart,behardputtoit.Chinesealsoboastsplentyofidioms.E.g.“小题大做”(tomakeamountainoutofamolehill鼹丘)、“后来居上”、“朝秦暮楚”(serve等。theStateofQininthemorningandtheStateofChuintheevening—bequicktoswitchsides;befickle;beinconstant);“杯弓蛇影”(mistakingthereflectionofabowin
4、thecupforasnake—besetwithimaginaryfears;extremelysuspicious);“杯水车薪”（tryingtoputoutablazingcartloadoffaggotswithacupofwater—anutterlyinadequatemeasure）Idiomsarebasedonpeople’scommonexperiencesinlife.Theyshinewithpeople’swisdomandtheyarecharacterizedbynationalcultures.Nowondersomepeopl
5、esaythatidiomsarethecreamorthebestpartoflanguage.Translationisnotonlyaninter-lingualtransfer,butalsoacross-culturalcommunication.Beforewetalkabouttranslationofidioms,wethinkthatitisnecessarytodiscusstherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.betweenlanguageandculture.1.2TheRelationship
6、BetweenLanguageandCultureCultureisthemediumevolvedbyhumanstosurvive.Nothinginhumanlifeisfreefromculturalinfluence.Itisthekeystoneincivilization’sarchandisthemediumthroughwhichalllife’seventsmustflow(Samovar&Porter,2000:22).Cultureisreallyanextremelywideandcomplexconcept.Themoderntech
7、nicaldefinitionofculture,associallypatternedhumanthoughtandbehavior,wasoriginallyproposedbythe19thcen-turyBritishanthropologist,EdwardTylor(2005):“Culture…isthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,beliefs,arts,moral,law,customsandanyothercapa-bilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofs
8、ociety.”Thes
