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1、Session22ClassificationandTranslationofIdioms习语的分类与翻译Eachlanguagecontainsmanyelementsderivedfromitsculture,suchasidiomsandotherfixedexpressions.First,itisnecessarytohaveaclearknowledgeofsomebasicconcepts.一、ABriefDiscussionofSeveralFundamentalConcepts1.1Defin
2、itionofIdiomsEachlanguagehasmanyidioms.Idiomsarelinguisticchunks(语言模块)madeupoffixedexpressionsandsentences.Idiomsincludesetphrases,proverbs,allusions,commonsayingsorfolkadages(俗语),ect.Theyareknownas“熟语”inChinese.Themeaningofanidiomisnotclearfromthemeaningofi
3、tsindividualwords.Anidiommustbelearnedasawholeunit.Englishhasmanyidioms.E.g.giveway,achangeofheart,behardputtoit.Chinesealsoboastsplentyofidioms.E.g.“小题大做”(tomakeamountainoutofamolehill鼹丘)、“后来居上”、“朝秦暮楚”(serve等。theStateofQininthemorningandtheStateofChuintheev
4、ening—bequicktoswitchsides;befickle;beinconstant);“杯弓蛇影”(mistakingthereflectionofabowinthecupforasnake—besetwithimaginaryfears;extremelysuspicious);“杯水车薪”（tryingtoputoutablazingcartloadoffaggotswithacupofwater—anutterlyinadequatemeasure）Idiomsarebasedonpeopl
5、e’scommonexperiencesinlife.Theyshinewithpeople’swisdomandtheyarecharacterizedbynationalcultures.Nowondersomepeoplesaythatidiomsarethecreamorthebestpartoflanguage.Translationisnotonlyaninter-lingualtransfer,butalsoacross-culturalcommunication.Beforewetalkabou
6、ttranslationofidioms,wethinkthatitisnecessarytodiscusstherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.betweenlanguageandculture.1.2TheRelationshipBetweenLanguageandCultureCultureisthemediumevolvedbyhumanstosurvive.Nothinginhumanlifeisfreefromculturalinfluence.Itist
7、hekeystoneincivilization’sarchandisthemediumthroughwhichalllife’seventsmustflow(Samovar&Porter,2000:22).Cultureisreallyanextremelywideandcomplexconcept.Themoderntechnicaldefinitionofculture,associallypatternedhumanthoughtandbehavior,wasoriginallyproposedbyth
8、e19thcen-turyBritishanthropologist,EdwardTylor(2005):“Culture…isthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,beliefs,arts,moral,law,customsandanyothercapa-bilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsoci
