周书麟英美概况Chapter .ppt

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1、GaoLinaHarbinInstituteofPetroleumASurveyoftheUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStatesofAmericaPart1Part2Part3Part4Chapter7BritishandAmericanGovernmentPart5Part6IntroductionThegovernmentsofBritainandtheUSgrewoutofthesamehistoricalandculturalmilieu.Indeed,bymanymeasuresBritishandAmericangovernmentsare

2、polaropposites.Britainhasaunitarymonarchylackingaformalwrittenconstitutionandhasahighlydisciplinedpoliticalparties.TheUSisafederalrepublicwithawrittenconstitutionandhasundisciplinedparties.Britainhasastrongcentralgovernmentwithlittleseparationofpoweramongthelegislative,executive,andjudicial

3、functionsofgovernment.TheUShasaweakcentralgovernmentwithstrictseparationofpowersbetweenthelegislative,executiveandjudicialbranchesofgovernment.PoliticsⅠ.TheBeginningofPolitics.ThepoliticaltraditionsofBritainandtheUSdatebackabout25centuriestotheancientGreeks.TheancientGreekswerethepioneersof

4、Westernpoliticalthinking,andtheirinfluenceremainsverygreattoday.Theword“politics”comesfromtheGreekword“polis”whichmeans“town”.Theword“government”comesfromtheGreekword“kubernete”whichreferstothesteeringoarusedonearlyGreekships.Chapter7BritishandAmericanGovernmentPart1Part2Part3Part4Part5Part

5、6PoliticsⅡ.TheRoleofGovernmentinPolitics.Americahasalongtraditionofprivate,non-governmentalorganizationsandassociations.Thedistinctionbetweenauthoritativegovernmentalinstitutionsandvoluntaryprivateinstitutionsisveryclearandveryobvious.Politicsisauthoritative.Thepoliticalsystemhascompulsoryj

6、urisdictionoveritscitizens.Valuessuchaswealth,statusandopportunityareallocatedbythepoliticalsystem.Chapter7BritishandAmericanGovernmentPart1Part2Part3Part4Part5Part6fPoliticalLegitimacyChapter7BritishandAmericanGovernmentPart1Part2Part3Part4Part5Part6Wecandefinegovernmentsbasedondifferentso

7、urceofthepoliticallegitimacy.Therearetheocracy,aristocracyanddemocracy.fPoliticalLegitimacyChapter7BritishandAmericanGovernmentPart1Part2Part3Part4Part5Part6Ⅰ.God.TheoldestandbyfarthemostimportantsourceofpoliticallegitimacyduringrecordedhistoryisGod.Inal