英美概况chapter 3

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1、Chapter3TheShapingoftheNation(1066-1381)I.NormanRule(1066-1381)1.William’sRule(1066-1087)(1)ThebeginningoffeudalisminEnglandUnderWilliam,thefeudalsysteminEnglandwascompletelyestablished.(2)WhatwasfeudalismlikeinEnglandundertheruleofWilliamtheConqueror?A.WhoownedthelandunderthefeudalsysteminE

2、ngland?Accordingtothesystem,theKingownedallthelandpersonally.B.HowdidWilliamdealwiththelandandwhy?a.WilliamgavehisbaronslargeestatesinEnglandinreturnforpromiseofmilitaryserviceandaproportionoftheland’sproduction.King---barons---lessernobles,knightsandfreemen---serfsb.Theseestateswerescattered

3、farandwideoverthecountry,sothatthebaronscouldnoteasilycombinetorebelthekingorthathisauthoritywasnotbechallengedbyanypowerfulbarons.ThissystemofdutiesandrewardswascalledtheFeudalSystem.InNormandywhenbaronsorbishopsweregivenlandtheyhadtoswearanoathofloyaltytothelordwhowasgivingit.Thiscalleddoin

4、ghomage.C.WhatwasthepeculiarfeatureoffeudalsysteminEngland?Torestrainthegrowthofpowerofthebarons,alllandowners,bigofsmall,tooktheoathofallegianceforthelandtheheld,notonlytotheirimmediatelord,butalsototheking.D.WhatdidWilliamdototheWitan?HereplacedtheWitan(theCouncilofAnglo-SaxonKings)withtheG

5、randCouncil.E.WhydidWilliamcompiletheDomesdayBook（土地调查清册）?TheDomesdayBook:Nature:apropertyrecord,andageneralsurveyofEnglandmadein1085Content:itstatedtheextent,value,thepopulation,stateofcultivation,andownershipofthelandPurpose:tohaveareliablerecordofallthelands,histenantsandtheirpossessionsan

6、dtodiscoverhowmuchtheycouldbecalledupontopaytaxesWhysocalled:becauseitseemedtotheEnglishliketheBookofDoomF.WhatwasWilliam’spolicytowardthechurch?Hispolicytowardsthechurchwastokeepitcompletelyunderhiscontrol.ononehand,hetooktheEnglishchurchclosertoRomeontheotherhand,hemanagedtomaintainhisownin

7、dependence2.HenryII’sReforms(1)background:HenryIIwasthefounderoftheAngevindynasty（安茹王朝），usuallyknownasthePlantagenetdynasty(金雀花王朝).HispositionwasratherweakManypressingproblemshadtobesolvedWanttokeepthebaronsundercontrol(2)HisreformsA.Abolishe