英语专业 语言学 复习资料

《英语专业 语言学 复习资料》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。

1、1.1Whatislanguage?Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.1.2Designfeaturesoflanguage①Arbitrariness任意性:Thepropertyoflanguagebywhichthereisingeneralnonatural(i.e.logical)relationbetweentheformofasinglelexicalunitanditsmeaning.②Duality二重性Languageconsi

2、stsoftwolevelsofstructures.Thelower(secondary)levelisadefinitesetofmeaninglesssounds,whichcombinetoformmeaningfulunitswhichconstituteahigher(primary)level.③Creativity创造性Languageiscreativeinthesensethatitsuserscanunderstandandproducesentencestheyhaveneverheardbefore.④Displace

3、ment移位性Bydisplacementismeantthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingsthatarenotpresent(intimeandspace)atthemomentofcommunication.1.3Functionsoflanguage①Informative信息功能Languageservesaninformativefunctionwhenitisusedtoexpressthespeaker’sopinion,tostateafact,ortoreasonthingsout.②Int

4、erpersonalfunction人际功能Languageservestoestablishandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.③Performative行事功能Languagecanbeusedtodothings,toperformaction.e.g.“Isurrender.”“I’lldoittonight.”“Ideclarethemeetingopen.”“Isentenceyoutothreeyearsinprison.”④Emotivefunction感情功能Theuseoflang

5、uagetorevealthefeelingsandattitudesofthespeaker.e.g.“Ouch!”,“I’mterriblysorryabout…”(alternativelycalledexpressivefunction)⑤Phaticcommunion寒暄交谈Theuseoflanguagetoestablishormaintainacomfortablesocialcontactbetweenpeoplewithoutinvolvinganyfactualcontent.E.g.greetings,farewells

6、,andtalkingabouttheweather.⑥Recreationalfunction娱乐功能Theuseoflanguageforthesheerjoyofusingit.E.g.singing,poetrywriting.⑦Metalingualfunction元语言功能Theuseoflanguagetomakestatementsaboutlanguageitself.Thelanguageaboutwhichtheyaremadeiscalledtheobjectlanguage.1.4Whatislinguistics?T

7、hescientificstudyoflanguage.1.5Microlinguistics①Phonetics语音学Thestudyofthenature,production,andperceptionofsoundsofspeech,inabstractionfromthephonologyofanyspecificlanguage.Variouslydividedintoacousticphonetics,articulatoryphonetics,andauditoryphonetics.②Phonology音系学Thestudyo

8、fthesoundsystemsofindividuallanguagesandofthenatureofsuchsystemsgenerally.③