英语专业考研语言学复习资料 句法学

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1、Chapter4：SyntaxI.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.Syntaxisasubfiedoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage,includingthecombinationofmorphemesintowords.2.Grammaticalsentencesareformedfollowingasetofsyntacticrules.3.Sentencesarecomposedofsequenceofwo

2、rdsarrangedinasimplelinearorder,withoneaddingontoanotherfollowingasimplearithmeticlogic.4.Universallyfoundinthegrammarsofallhumanlanguages,syntacticrulesthatcomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguisticknowledgeofalanguagespeakerareknownaslinguisticcompetence.5.Thesyntacticrulesofanylangu

3、agearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.6.Inacomplexsentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,onesubordinatingtheother.7.Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesy

4、ntacticcategory.8.Minorlexicalcategoriesareopenbecausethesecategoriesarenotfixedandnewmembersareallowedfor.9.InEnglishsyntacticanalysis,fourphrasalcategoriesarecommonlyrecognizedanddiscussed,namely,nounphrase,verbphrase,infinitivephrase,andauxiliaryphrase.10.InEnglishthesubjectusuallyp

5、recedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyfollowstheverb.11.Whatisactuallyinternalizedinthemindofanativespeakerisacompletelistofwordsandphrasesratherthangrammaticalknowledge.12.Anounphrasemustcontainanoun,butotherelementsareoptional.13.Itisbelievedthatphrasestructurerules,withtheinsertion

6、ofthelexicon,generatesentencesatthelevelofD-structure.14.WH-movementisobligatoryinEnglishwhichchangesasentencefromaffirmativetointerrogative.II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:15.As________sentenceconsistsofasingleclausewhichcontainsasubjectandap

7、redicateandstandsaloneasitsownsentence.16. As______isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.17.As______maybeanounoranounphraseinasentencethatusuallyprecedesthepredicate.18.Thepartofasentencewhichcomprisesafiniteverbora