英语专业考研语言学复习资料

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1、英语专业考研语言学复习资料主要内容第一部分胡壮麟《语言学教程》第一章《语言学教程》各章节提纲笔记第二章《语言学教程》重难点学习提示第三章《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题第四章《语言学教程》课后答案第五章胡壮麟的语言学术语英汉对照翻译表第二部分戴炜栋《简明语言学教程》第三部分语言学试题集锦精华第一部分胡壮麟《语言学教程》第一章《语言学教程》各章节提纲笔记Chapter1InvitationstoLinguistics1.1Whystudylanguage?1.Languageisveryessentialtohumanbeings.2.Inla

2、nguagetherearemanythingsweshouldknow.3.Forfurtherunderstanding,weneedtostudylanguagescientifically.1.2Whatislanguage?Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Itisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.1.3DesignfeaturesoflanguageThefeaturesthatdefineourhumanla

3、nguagescanbecalleddesignfeatureswhichcandistinguishhumanlanguagefromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.1.3.1ArbitrarinessArbitrarinessreferstothefactthattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeanings.1.3.2DualityDualityreferstothepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofs

4、tructures,suchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.1.3.3CreativityCreativitymeansthatlanguageisresourcefulbecauseofitsdualityanditsrecursiveness.Recursivenessreferstotherulewhichcanbeapplie

5、drepeatedlywithoutanydefinitelimit.Therecursivenatureoflanguageprovidesatheoreticalbasisforthepossibilityofcreatingendlesssentences.1.3.4DisplacementDisplacementmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresent(intimeandspace)att

6、hemomentofconversation.1.4Originoflanguage1.Thebow-wowtheoryInprimitivetimespeopleimitatedthesoundsoftheanimalcallsinthewildenvironmenttheylivedandspeechdevelopedfromthat.2.Thepooh-poohtheoryInthehardlifeofourprimitiveancestors,theyutterinstinctivesoundsofpains,angerandjoy

7、whichgraduallydevelopedintolanguage.3.The“yo-he-ho”theoryAsprimitivepeopleworkedtogether,theyproducedsomerhythmicgruntswhichgraduallydevelopedintochantsandthenintolanguage.1.5FunctionsoflanguageAsisproposedbyJacobson,languagehassixfunctions:1.Referential:toconveymessageand

8、information;2.Poetic:toindulgeinlanguageforitsownsake;3.Emotive:toexpressattitudes,feelin