国外社会心理学3课件8.ppt

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1、Stereotypes-ABriefHistoryDramaticDecreaseinExpressionofStereotypesKatz&Braly(1933)andreplicationsSurveyResultsDespitethisevidencesubtlerformsofstereotypingstillevidentSagar&Schofield-PencilpokingstudyWord,Zanna,&Cooper(1974)-interviewstudyDarley&Gross(19

2、83)-SESandperformanceRogers&Prentice-Dunn-InsultstudyDovidio&Gaertner’sAversiveRacismExplanationHelpingStudyInadmissableEvidenceStudyStereotypesofBlacksinFourGenerations1933195119671982Superstitious84%41%13%6%Lazy75%31%26%13%Ignorant38%24%11%10%Happy-go-l

3、ucky38%17%27%15%Musical26%33%47%29%Ostentatious26%11%25%5%VeryReligious24%17%8%23%Stupid22%10%4%1%StereotypesofJewsinThreeGenerations193319511967Shrewd79%47%30%Mercenary49%28%15%Industrious48%29%33%Grasping34%17%17%Intelligent29%37%37%Ambitious21%28%48%Su

4、rveyResultsIndicatingPrejudiceRogers&Prentice-Dunn(1981)SeekingHelpfromOthersandAversiveRacismTheWeightingofInadmissableEvidenceandAversiveRacismRecentModelsDevine(1989)-TheargumentStudy1-everyoneknowsthestereotypeStudy2-everyoneautomaticallyactivatesthes

5、tereotypeStudy3-lowprejudicepeoplebutnothighprejudicepeoplecontroltheapplicationofthestereotypeDoeseveryoneautomaticallyactivatethestereotype?Lepore&Brown(1997)-categorydoesnotautomaticallyactivatethestereotypeforallpeopleFazioetal.(1995)-therearereliable

6、differenceinhowpeopleautomaticallyactivatethestereotypeStereotypeActivationDopeopleautomaticallyactivatestereotypes?Itdependsonwhatyoumeanbyautomatic;withoutawarenessyes;withoutintention,yes;withouteffort,noGilbert&Hixon(1991)Spencer,Fein,Wolfe,Fong,&Hodg

7、son(1998);Study2Itdependsonpeople’smotivation-whenmotivatedtostereotypeeffortisnotneededeitherSpencer,Fein,Wolfe,Fong,&Hodgson(1998);Studies1&3Gilbert&HixonSpenceretal.(1998)-Study3StereotypeInhibitionActivationofanotherstereotypecanleadtostereotypeinhibi

8、tionMacrae,Bodenhausen,&Milne(1995)WhenmotivatedtoinhibitstereotypestheyareinhibitedSinclair&Kunda(1998)StereotypeApplicationCanpeoplecontroltheiruseofstereotypes-thisisactuallytrickierthanyoumightthinkMacrae,Bodenh