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页数:22页
时间:2020-04-01
《语言学导论-第8章LanguageSociety.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、LanguageandsocietyLanguageandsocietySociolinguistics社会语言学tostudytherelationbetweenlanguageandsociety,betweentheusesoflanguageandthesocialstructuresinwhichtheusersoflanguageliveTwoapproachesMacrosociolinguistics宏观社会语言学(abird’s-eyeview)Toconsiderhowlanguage
2、functionsinthesocietyandhowitreflectsthesocialdifferentiations.Microsociolinguistics微观社会语言学(aworm’s-eyeview)FromthepointofviewofanindividualmemberwithinitHowlanguagefunctionsinthecommunicationbetweenmembersofthesocietyTwomainsubjectsSpeechcommunity言语社区the
3、socialgroupthatissingledoutforanyspecialsociolinguisticstudySpeechvariety言语变体anydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakeroragroupofspeakers.3maintypes:regionaldialects,sociolects--usersregisters--useMajorconcernsVarietiesoflanguageStandarddialectPidginand
4、CreoleBilingualismandDiglossiaVarietiesoflanguageDialectalvarieties方言变体Register语域Degreeofformality正式度DialectalvarietiesRegionaldialect地域方言Sociolect社会方言Languageandgender语言与性别Languageandage语言与年龄Idiolect个人语言Ethnicdialect种族方言Regionaldialect地域方言Thelinguisticva
5、rietyusedbypeoplelivinginthesamegeographicalregionCauses:geographicalbarriersloyaltytoone’snativespeechphysical&psychologicalresistanceAtpresent:decreasingofgeographicalvariationinlanguageDialectalvarieties拯救方言Sociolect社会方言thelinguisticvarietycharacterist
6、icofaparticularsocialclasssamegeographicalregionsameregionaldialectFeatures:phoneticfeatures:-n’---inggrammaticallevel:Ican’teatnothing.accent:ReceivedPronunciation(RP)标准发音(upperclassspeech,high-statusmarker)DialectalvarietiesspeakdifferentlyLanguageandge
7、nder语言与性别Intonation语调Female:awiderrange;low-riseintonationLexicon词汇Female:moreadjectivesofevaluation:nice,lovely,cute,fantasticmoreintensifiers:awfully,really,…OnthewholeFemale:morecorrect,lessassertive,morepoliteDialectalvarietiesLanguageandage语言与年龄Lexic
8、aldifference:e.g.,icebox-fridge火星文:符号、繁体字、日文、韩文、冷僻字或汉字拆分后的部分等非正规化文字符号组合而成(似乱码或错字,不规范,字面无法了解)偶口以跟你作朋友吗?3Q你是我的好麻吉!私今天没事做。海皮,粉,河蟹,小盆友,……DialectalvarietiesIdiolect个人语言Apersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombinesele
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