语言学导论-第8章LanguageSociety.ppt

《语言学导论-第8章LanguageSociety.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、LanguageandsocietyLanguageandsocietySociolinguistics社会语言学tostudytherelationbetweenlanguageandsociety,betweentheusesoflanguageandthesocialstructuresinwhichtheusersoflanguageliveTwoapproachesMacrosociolinguistics宏观社会语言学(abird’s-eyeview)Toconsiderhowlanguage

2、functionsinthesocietyandhowitreflectsthesocialdifferentiations.Microsociolinguistics微观社会语言学(aworm’s-eyeview)FromthepointofviewofanindividualmemberwithinitHowlanguagefunctionsinthecommunicationbetweenmembersofthesocietyTwomainsubjectsSpeechcommunity言语社区the

3、socialgroupthatissingledoutforanyspecialsociolinguisticstudySpeechvariety言语变体anydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakeroragroupofspeakers.3maintypes：regionaldialects,sociolects--usersregisters--useMajorconcernsVarietiesoflanguageStandarddialectPidginand

4、CreoleBilingualismandDiglossiaVarietiesoflanguageDialectalvarieties方言变体Register语域Degreeofformality正式度DialectalvarietiesRegionaldialect地域方言Sociolect社会方言Languageandgender语言与性别Languageandage语言与年龄Idiolect个人语言Ethnicdialect种族方言Regionaldialect地域方言Thelinguisticva

5、rietyusedbypeoplelivinginthesamegeographicalregionCauses:geographicalbarriersloyaltytoone’snativespeechphysical&psychologicalresistanceAtpresent:decreasingofgeographicalvariationinlanguageDialectalvarieties拯救方言Sociolect社会方言thelinguisticvarietycharacterist

6、icofaparticularsocialclasssamegeographicalregionsameregionaldialectFeatures:phoneticfeatures:-n’---inggrammaticallevel:Ican’teatnothing.accent:ReceivedPronunciation(RP)标准发音(upperclassspeech,high-statusmarker)DialectalvarietiesspeakdifferentlyLanguageandge

7、nder语言与性别Intonation语调Female:awiderrange;low-riseintonationLexicon词汇Female:moreadjectivesofevaluation:nice,lovely,cute,fantasticmoreintensifiers:awfully,really,…OnthewholeFemale:morecorrect,lessassertive,morepoliteDialectalvarietiesLanguageandage语言与年龄Lexic

8、aldifference:e.g.,icebox-fridge火星文：符号、繁体字、日文、韩文、冷僻字或汉字拆分后的部分等非正规化文字符号组合而成（似乱码或错字，不规范，字面无法了解）偶口以跟你作朋友吗？3Q你是我的好麻吉！私今天没事做。海皮，粉，河蟹，小盆友，……DialectalvarietiesIdiolect个人语言Apersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombinesele