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ID:51443892
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页数:47页
时间:2020-03-22
《新编语言学教程chapter 6 pragmatics.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、Chapter6Pragmatics1.Whatispragmatics?(p.141)PragmaticswasfirstusedbyAmericanphilosopherCharlesMorris(1938)whenheoutlinedtheshapeofsemiotics(syntactics,semantics,pragmatics).Pragmaticsdealswiththeuseoflanguage;itstudiesthemeaninginuse(speaker’smeaning,contextualmeaning
2、).1.1sentencemeaningandutterancemeaningSentence:unitofstructure,anabstractcontext-independententity;itsexistenceisfreefromanysituations.Thesentencemeaningisthusasemanticproposition.Utterance:unitofspeechactuallyusedforcommunication.Itcanbeunderstoodasthespeaker’spurpo
3、seorthespeaker’sintention.1.2ContextGenerally,contextreferstothebackgroundknowledgesharedbythespeakerandhearer,includinggeneralknowledgeoftheworld,knowledgespecifictothesituationofcommunication,specifictothecounterpartsofcommunication,theknowledgeofthepurposeofcommuni
4、cation.Theimportanceofcontext:Themeaningoftheutterancescanbeexplicitlydeterminedandthefunctionoflanguagecanbefullyrealizedonlybyreferencetothesituationinwhichtheutteranceoccur.Wife:TodayisSunday,John.(a).Situation:Johngetsupearlyduringtheworkdays.I:Youdon’thavetogetup
5、earlytoday,youmaystayinbedforlong.(b).Situation:Johnneverdoeshouseworkinexcuseofbeingbusyatwork.I:Youhavetodosomehouseworkbecauseyoudon’tworktoday.(c).Situation:JohnpromisedtogoshoppingwithhiswifeonSunday.I:Don’tforgetwhatyoupromised.2.Micropragmatics(p.143)2.1Referen
6、ceTheactbywhichaspeakerorwriteruseslanguagetoenablehearerorreadertoidentifysomethingiscalledreference.2.2Deixis(p.144)Deixisisthewordsandexpressionswhosereferencedependsentirelyonthesituationalcontextoftheutteranceandcanonlybeunderstoodinlightofthesecircumstances.Five
7、typesofdeixis:Persondeixis:anyexpressionusedtopointtoaperson.Timedeixis:wordsusedtopointtoatime.Space/spatial/placedeixis:wordsusedtopointtoalocation.Discoursedeixis:anyexpressionusedtorefertoearlierorforthcomingsegmentsofthediscourse.Socialdeixis:honorifics(whichenco
8、dethespeaker’ssocialrelationshiptoanotherparty,frequentlybutnotalwaystheaddressee,onadimensionofrank).e.g:You’llhavetobringt
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