语用学名词解释.doc

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1、语用学名词解释Syntax句法学:syntaxisthestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenlinguisticforms,howtheyarearrangedinsequence,andwhichsequencesarewell-formed.Semantics语义学:semanticsisthestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenlinguisticformsandentitiesintheworld;thatis,howwordsliterallyconnecttothings.Discourseanaly

2、sis话语分析：isageneraltermforanumberofapproachestoanalyzingwritten,spoken,signedlanguageuseoranysignificantsemioticevent.Theobjectsofdiscourseanalysis—discourse,writing,talk,conversation,communicativeevent,etc.—arevariouslydefinedintermsofcoherentsequencesofsentences,propositions,speech

3、actsorturns-at-talk.DifferentCulturalAssumptions差异文化假设:Itrefertothefactthateventhoughpeopleinsituationssuchaswestudyagreeontheoverallpurposeoftheinteraction,thereareoftenradicaldifferencesastowhatexpectationsandrightsareinvolvedatanyonetime.Cross-culturalpragmaticfailure跨文化语用错误:Itin

4、cludespragmalinguisticandsociopragmaticfailure.Face面子:meansthepublicself-imageofaperson.itreferstothatemotionalandsocialsenseofselfthateveryonehasandexpectseveryoneelsetorecognize.Politeness礼貌:meansthatsomeoneshowsawarenessofanotherperson'sface.facewants面子需求:withinsocialinteractions

5、,peoplegenerallybehaveasifthereexpectationsconcerningtheirpublicself-imageDeixis指示:Atechnicaltermforoneofthemostbasicthingswedowithutterances.Itmeans“pointing”vialanguage.Itisaformofreferringthatistiedtothespeaker’scontext,withthemostbasicdistinctionbeing“nearspeaker”versus“awayform

6、speaker”.Honorifics尊称:Theyaretheexpressionswhichareusedtoindicatehigherstatus.proximalterms近指:Thetermsmean“nearthespeaker”,whichareinterpretedintermsofthespeaker’slocation,orthedeicticcenter.T/Vdistinction亲疏区别:Awell-knownsocialcontrastencodedwithinpersondeixisisthedistinctionbetween

7、formsusedforafamiliaraddresseeinsomelanguage.It’sfromFrenchforms“tu”(familiar)and“vous”(non-familiar),andcouldbefoundinmanylanguages.Deicticprojection指示投影：speakersseemtobeabletoprojectthemselvesintootherlocationspriortoactuallybeinginthoselocation.Solidaritystrategy团结策略:Thetendencyt

8、ousepositivepoliten