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1、英语语用学-名词解释精品文档1.Pragmaticsisthestudyoflanguageinuse.Pragmaticsisconcernedwiththestudyofmeaningascommunicatedbyaspeaker(orwriter)andinterpretedbyalistener(orreader).PragmaticsisthestudyofspeakermeaningPragmaticsisthestudyofcontextualmeaningPragmaticsisthestudyoftheexpressionofre
2、lativedistance.Pragmaticsisthestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenlinguisticformsandtheusersofthoseforms.2.Syntaxisthestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenlinguisticforms,howtheyarearrangedinsequence,andwhichsequencesarewell-formed.3.Semanticsisthestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenlinguisticfor
3、msandentitiesintheworld;thatis,howwordsliterallyconnecttothings.4.Deixis指示语isatechnicalterm(fromGreek)foroneofthemostbasicthingswedowithutterances.Itmeans‘pointing’vialanguage.Anylinguisticformusedtoaccomplishthis‘pointing’iscalledadeicticexpression.Deicticexpressionsarealsosom
4、etimescalledindexicals.Theyareamongthefirstformstobespokenbyveryyoungchildrenandcanbeusedtoindicatepeopleviapersondeixis(suchas,‘me’,‘you’),orlocationviaspatialdeixis(suchas‘here’,‘there’),ortimeviatemporaldeixis(suchas‘now’,‘then’).5.Proximalterms近指aretypicallyinterpretedinter
5、msofthespeaker’slocation,orthedeicticcenter指示中心.‘this’,‘there’,‘now’,‘then’nearspeaker6.Distalterms远指cansimplyindicate‘away’fromspeaker’,but,insomelanguages,canbeusedtodistinguishbetween‘nearaddressee’and‘awayfrombothspeakerandaddressee’.7.Persondeixis人称指示语clearlyoperatesonabas
6、icthree-partdivision,exemplified例证bythepronounsforfirstperson,secondperson,andthirdperson./formsusedtopointtopeople,“me””you”8.Expressionswhichindicateaddresseehigherstatusaredescribedashonorifics敬语.9.Thediscussionofthecircumstanceswhichleadtothechoiceofoneoftheseformsrathertha
7、nanotherissometimesdescribedassocialdeixis./formsusedtoindicaterelativesocialstatus10.Adistinctionbetweenformsusedforfamiliarversusanon-familiaraddresseeinsomelanguages.ThisisknownastheT/Vdistinction.用复数形态来表示单数敬语，在语言中叫T-Vdistinction。此概念由1960年的学者Brown和Gilman提出，他们将第二人称单数分为两种形态：T形
8、态（T-form）和V形态（V-form），前者在非正式场合、尊称呼卑、关系亲密的人之间使用，后者在正式场合
