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1、SpeechActTheoryVera(韩玉霞)2ConstativevsPerformative1GeneralDefinition5DevelopmentofSpeechActs4Thetheoryofillocutionaryacts3CollapseofthedichotomyContents1.1GeneralDefinitionAspeechactinlinguisticsandthephilosophyoflanguageisanutterancethathasperformativefunc
2、tioninlanguageandcommunication.ThecontemporaryuseofthetermgoesbacktoJ.L.Austin'sdevelopmentofperformativeutterancesandhistheoryoflocutionary,illocutionary,andperlocutionaryacts.1.2SpeechActTheoryOriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopherJohnAustininthelate50’soft
3、he20thcenturyChallengedtheso-called“descriptivefallacy”Furtherdevelopedbyotherscholars,particularlyJ.SearleJohnLangshawAustin(March26,1911[1]–February8,1960)wasaBritishphilosopheroflanguage,borninLancasterandeducatedatShrewsburySchoolandBalliolCollege,Oxfo
4、rdUniversity.1.3Austin1.4Austin’sWork1.WordsandDeeds《言与行》（1952）AccordingtoJ.Austin,thereseemstobenoclear-cutboundarybetweenspeakingandacting.Rather,sayingissometimesacting.Alternatively,toputitinanotherway,wordsarepartofdeeds.2.HowtoDoThingswithWords《如何以言行
5、事》（1962）Austinmadetheprimarydistinctionbetweentwotypesofutterances:constative:表述句performative：施为句2.1Constativevs.PerformativeConstativeutterances（表述话语）areverifiable(trueorfalse)statements,aimingtoeitherstateordescribe.–IgototheparkeverySunday.Performativeu
6、tterances（施事话语）arestatementsnotverifiable(nottrueorfalse),aimingatperformingacertainact..(Austin1962)1.Ido.2.InamethisshipQueenElizabeth.Performativeverbs:name,bet,etc.Theterm“speechacts”wasinitiallyinventedtoportraytheactionsaccomplishedviaperformativeutt
7、erances.Initslaterbroadsense,speechactsalsocoveractionsperformedbyutterancethatarenotstrictlyperformative.Now,speechactsareconsideredtobethebasicorminimalunitsoflinguisticcommunication.2.2DefinitionExpansionCommonfeanturesofclassicexamplesofperformantives:
8、1First-personsubject（第一人称主语）2Thesimplepresenttense（一般现在时））3Indicativemood（陈述句）4Activevoice（主动语态）5Performativeverbs（施为动词）3.1CollapseofthedichotomyHowever,Austinsoonfindsoutthat:1.thesubjectmaybe:thefirstperson
