英美国家概况课件刘有发 ISBN9787566305107 PPT 英美国家概况PPT UKUnit 4 Economy.ppt

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1、英美国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandUnit4EconomyTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandThinkaboutthesequestionsbeforewestart:1.WhatarethethreeperiodsasfarastheevolutionoftheBritisheconomyisconcerned?2.WhyisBritishcoalminingcalleda“sick”industrytoday?Warming-up

2、ActivitiesBritisheconomyaftertheWWII:absolutedeclineandrelativedeclineprivatizationin1980s-1990sThe21stCenturyUKEconomyprimarysecondarytertiaryWhattolearn:Bythe1880s,dominantintheworld--1/3oftheworld’smanufacturedgoods;1/2oftheworld’scoal,ironandcotton;shippinggreaterthanthesumoftherest

3、oftheworldBy1900,overtakenbytheU.SandGermanyFrom1945untilpresent,slipfrombeingthe2ndlargesteconomytobeingthe6th.TheChangedstatusofBritisheconomyinthewordi.absolutedeclineandrelativedeclineI.BritishEconomyaftertheWWII:Relativedecline:steadyeconomicgrowthandrapidlyincreasinglivingstandar

4、dsandstillremainingoneoftheGroupofSeven(US,UK.Germany,France,Japan,ItalyandCanada)Absolutedecline:Othercountriesdevelopedmorerapidly,soithasslippedfrombeingthe2ndlargesteconomytobeingthe6th.1.heavydebttofinancethewarsellingmanyaccumulatedoverseasassets,borrowinglargeamountsfromtheUSandC

5、anada)2.theendoftheeraofempireBritishcolonieswhichusedtoproviderawmaterialsandbigmarketsgainedindependenceWhyso?3.Heavilyburdenedwiththehugemilitaryexpenditureduringtheprocessofde-colonization.Itwasstillforcedtomaintainasubstantialandexpensivemilitarypresenceinmanyoverseaslocationsuntil

6、theprocesswascompleted(mostlybytheendofthe1960s).Asoneoftheshapersofthepost-warworld,requiredsubstantialmilitarycontributions(memberofNATOandUNSecurityCouncil).Whyoccured?4.lackedtheinvestmentinmodernequipmentandnewproductsBritain’sindustrysurvivedcomparativelyunaffected.Itcontinuedwith

7、itsolderfactoriesandpre-warproducts.Whilethemainlosersinthewar,GermanyandJapan,hadtostartfromnothing,sotheycouldinvestinthemostmodernequipmentandnewproducts,whichwassufficient.TheUKhasexperiencedaneconomicdeclinesince1945.butthisisarelativedeclineratherthananabsoluteone.Britain