经济学原理·萨缪尔森--中山大学岭南学院CH2.ppt

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1、CH.2MarketsandGovernmentinaModernEconomyChangeofEconomicSystemMedieval:AristocracyandTownGuildsTwoCenturiesago:LessControl19thCentury:Laissez-faireinmostofEuropeandNorthAmerica.Endof19thCentury:WelfareStateAfterWorldWarII:GuidingofGovernment.Around198

2、0:ReduceTaxes&DeregulateGovernment’sControlWhatisamarket?Market：Priceservesassignalstoproducersandconsumers.MarketEquilibriumofSupplyandDemandHowmarketssolvethethreeeconomicproblems?What—determinedbythedollarvotesofconsumersHow—determinedbythecompetitio

3、namongdifferentproducersForwhom—determinedbythesupplyanddemandinthemarketsforfactorsofproductionMonarchsoftheMarketplaceConsumersandTechnologyTheMarketSystemReliesonSupplyandDemandtoSolvetheTrioofEconomicProblemsB.Trade,MoneyandCapitalTradeSpecializatio

4、nDivisionofLaborC.TheEconomicRoleofGovernmentThreemaineconomicfunctionsIncreasingefficiencyPerfectCompetitionImperfectCompetitionExternalitiesPublicGoodsArelighthousesPublicGoods？PromoteequityProgressiveTaxation(incomeandinheritancetaxes)TransferPaymen

5、tsFosteringmacroeconomicsstabilityandgrowthFiscalpoliciesMonetarypolicies