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时间:2020-03-05
《经济学原理·萨缪尔森--中山大学岭南学院CHA1.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、CH.1.TheFundamentalsofEconomicsA.IntroductionEconomics:thestudyofhowsocietiesusescarceresourcestoproducevaluablecommoditiesanddistributethemamongdifferentpeople.scarcity稀缺economicgoods经济品freegoods免费品efficiency:Aeconomycannotincreasetheeconomicwelfareofanyonewithoutmakingsomeoneelseworseoff.micr
2、oeconomics微观经济学concernedwiththebehaviorofindividualentitiessuchasmarkets,firms,andhouseholds.macroeconomics宏观经济学concernedwiththeoverallperformanceoftheeconomy.econometrics计量经济学aspecializedtechniqueforeconomicanalyses.TheLogicofEconomicsposthocfallacy后此谬误failuretoholdotherthingsconstant不能保持其它条件不
3、变fallacyofcomposition合成谬误B.Threefundamentalquestionsofeconomicorganizationwhat,how,andforwhompositiveeconomicsandnormativeeconomicsPositiveeconomicsdescribesthefactsofaneconomy.normativeeconomicsinvolvesvaluejudgments.EconomicSystems经济制度marketeconomy市场经济laissez-faire自由放任经济commandeconomy指令经济mix
4、edeconomy混合经济Society’sTechnologicalPossibilities社会的技术可能性inputs(factorsofproduction)投入(生产要素)—land,labor,capital土地、劳动、资本outputs产出production-possibilityfrontier,PPF生产可能性边界opportunitycost机会成本efficiency效率unemployedresourcesandinefficiency未利用资源和非效率TheProductionPossibilitiesinaGraphTheProduction-Possi
5、bilityFrontierEconomicGrowthShiftsthePPFOutwardEconomicsMustChoosebetweenPublicGoodsandPrivateGoodsInvestmentforFutureConsumptionRequiresSacrificingCurrentConsumptionThesedatareflectthreepossiblecombinationoffoodandclothingthatcanbeproducedfromagivensetofresources,Food1050Clothing0X50Refertoth
6、eabovedata.IfthePPEhasitsnormalbowed-outshape,XwillbeA)25B)morethan25C)lessthan25D)5
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