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1、化机专业英语Ⅰ、科技英语句法特点、翻译技巧简介Ⅰ、科技英语句法特点1、运用非谓语动词:不定式(to+V.),动名词和分词(-ing,-ed)三种形式。(1)Themachineisbroken-down.(作表语)(2)Themachineneedsrepairing.(动名词作宾语)(3)Shepreferredtodotheexperimentbyherself.(不定式作宾语)(4)Heatwillcausemetaltoexpand.(作宾补)(5)Burning,fuelgivesoutheat.(分词作状语)(6)Tomanufactureapart
2、iculartypeofsteelitisimportanttogettherightproportionofcarbon.(不定式作状语)2、运用被动语态句与形容词短语习惯上用来引导从句的被动语态结构:Itshouldberealizedthat……应该认识到……Itshouldbenotedthat……值得注意的是……Itmustbenotedthat……必须看到(注意)…Itcanbeexpectedthat……可以预料……Itisfeltthat……我们认为……Itmaybeseenthat……我们可以看出……Attentioniscalledtothe
3、factthat…请注意这一事实……例句(1)Thequalityofhighcarbonsteelcanbeincreasedbytempering.(被动语态)(2)Wheneverworkisbeingdone,energyisbeingconvertedfromoneformintoanother.(3)Solidshaveashapeindependentofthecontainer.(形容词短语作后置定语)(4)Amachineisadeviceforapplyingenergytodoworkinawaysuitableforgivenpurpos
4、e.(形容词短语作后置定语)(5)Anotherconsiderationimportanttostressanalysisistheresultoftheelasticmaterial.(形容词短语作后置定语)3.、运用从句和长句(一)定语从句关系代词(如whose,which,that,as等)或关系副词(如:when,where等)可视为定语从句与先行词之间的承接词,在定语从句中可作一个句子成分。例如:(1)Helicalgearsarecommonlyusedinthemachineswherequiet,smoothoperationisrequire
5、d?(where在定语从句中作状语)斜齿轮通常用在要求噪音小,运转平稳的机器中。(2)Thematerialofwhichthebodyismadeisassumedtobehomogeneousandcontinuousthroughoutthebody.(which在定语从句中作介词宾语)假设组成整个物体的材料是均匀连续的。(3)Itispossibletoprocurehigh-hothardnesssteelssuchasM50,whichhaveexcellentfatiguepropertiesattemperaturesupto500°F.(whi
6、ch引出非限定性定语从句)有可能获及象M50这样的高强耐热钢,这类钢在500°F以上有极好的抗疲劳性能。定语从句可分为限制性与非限制性两种,其中前者是先行词的不可缺少的定语,省去后影响主句意思的完整如例(1)(2);后者是对先行词或主句的附加说明,一般用逗号与主句分开如例(3)。(二)状语从句专业英语文章中大量使用状语从句。常用关联词有:时间:as,when,before,after,till(until),while,once,assoonas等;地点:where,wherever等;原因:as,because,since等;结果:so(that),such…
7、that等;目的:inorderthat,sothat,forfear(that)等;方式:as,accordingas,asif,justas等;比较:as…as,as…,so…,justas…,notso…as等;让步:although,however,as,whether,evenif等;条件:asfaras,aslongas,if,onconditionthat,provided(providing),supposingthat等。例如:1、Ifnothingisknowninadvanceaboutthestrainstate,threeelement
8、sarerequired