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1、SkillII ChoosingwordsChoosingwordsMostofthewordsinthetwolanguagesarepartiallycorresponded.Sowhenchoosingwords,wemustconsiderthefollowing:collocation,contextandsenseCollocationOpen(adj.):openwires,openspeech,anopenbook,anopenquestion,intheopenairhistoricalfabricFabric:structureofsth.eg.fabricofso
2、ciety历史的结构feltmoral,culturalexistenceFelt:canbefelt.Existence:stateofexisting(being)可感受到的道德和文化存在CollocationlandscapesofexperienceLandscape:(pictureof)inlandscenery经验的风景—经验的积累，生活经验idiomatic,symbolic,communalreferenceReference:referring(L:referent)…的参照物（参考书），…的东西习惯表达法、象征表达法、能唤起集体意识的表达法—惯用法、象征语、约定俗
3、成的表达法athinwashWash:thinliquid薄薄的液体—细细的河流--？artificiallanguage人造语言Wordingthroughcontext1Whatiscontext?Contextmainlyreferstothatbeforeandafteraword,asentenceoratext.Italsoincludestime,place,culturalandbackground.ContextofthepassageWhatisthepassageabout(background)?Aboutlanguageuse(languageandcultu
4、re,languageformandmeaning,languagetranslating…)Whatisthemainidea?Somuchthatisbeingsaidiscorrect,solittleisright.Wordingthroughcontext2TheexternalsofEnglisharebeingacquiredbyspeakerswhollyalientothehistoricalfabric,totheinventoryoffeltmoral,culturalexistenceembeddedinthelanguage.Externals:外表、外在的东
5、西、皮毛Embedded:内在，内含于，深植于Feltmoral,culturalexistence:只可意会的道德观和文化，只可意会的道德和文化内涵Inventory:存货？(various)Historicalfabric:历史背景（渊源、经纬）Wordingthroughcontext3Analyzethefollowingtranslations英语的语言规则被那些对英语的历史背景一无所知的人所掌握，可他们对深植于英语中的那些只可意会的道德和文化内涵却毫无感知。学习英语的人多半只学到英语的皮毛，对英语内含的历史背景以及只可意会的道德和文化意义却一窍不通。那些不了解英语的历史渊源
6、，和其中隐含的道德观及文化的人，只能习得其皮毛。学习英语，若对其历史经纬陌生，对其衍生的道德观不了解，亦无知于语言所内蕴的文化，终究学不到家。Wordingthroughcontext4Thelandscapesofexperience,thefieldsofidiomatic,symbolic,communalreferencewhichgivetothelanguageitsspecificgravity,aredistortedintransferorlostaltogether.Landscapesofexperience:experiencethefabricandexist
7、enceGivethelanguagegravity:makethelanguageaswhatitis(withitsspecialfeatures)Transfer:languagelearning(nottranslation)Wordingthroughcontext5Analyzethefollowingtranslation在学习英语这门外语的过程中，语言中那些由人们的经历所孕育的文化基础，那些使英语之所以是英语的惯用法、象征语和能
