欢迎来到天天文库
浏览记录
ID:49526259
大小:382.00 KB
页数:11页
时间:2020-02-07
《chapter 7Changes in Word Meaning.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、Chapter7ChangesinWordMeaning7.0Introductionglad:“brightandshining”;meat:“foodingeneral”;ready:“preparedforride”;bread:“meat,asmallpiece”sports7.1fourmajortypesofchange:①extensionofmeaning②narrowingofmeaning③elevationofmeaning.④degradationofmeaning.7.2causesofchange①theextra-linguisticfactors②ling
2、uisticfactors7.1.1.ExtensionofMeaning(orgeneralization)(词义的扩大)extensionoftheword-rangethewideningofmeaningwhichsomewordsundergoItisaprocessbywhichawordwhichoriginallyhadaspecializedmeaninghasnowbecomegeneralized.e.g.paper—fromtheGreekpapyrus:anEgyptianplantbylaw—originally“avillagelaw.”pipe—asimp
3、lemusicalinstrument;holiday,economy,sandwich7.1.2.NarrowingofMeaning(orspecialization)(词义的缩小)Itisaprocessbywhichawordofwidemeaningacquiresanarrowerorspecializedsense,awordsbecomesrestrictedinitsapplicationandconveysaspecialmeaning.e.g.hospital:loungefortravellersgirl:youngpersoncity:businesscentr
4、eofLondonshroud:clothesgeneral:ageneralofficer7.1.3.ElevationofMeaning(oramelioration)(词义的升格)Itreferstotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningstopositionsofimportance.e.g.marshal:aservantwholooksaftermares/keeperofhorseminister:servantnice:ignorant,foolishfond:foolish7.1.4DegradationofMeani
5、ng(ordegeneration)(词义的降格)Itisaprocesswherebynon-affectivewordscometobeusedinderogatorysense.itismuchmorecommonforwordmeaningstochangeindenotationfromneutraltopejorativethanitisforthemtogotheotherway.e.g.sad:calm,serioussorryfulcunning:knowingaskillfulgossip,crafty.wench:girl,youngwomanaloosewoman
6、,prostituteboor:peasantill-manneredperson7.1.5.Transfer词义的转移(inlearningtheory)thecarryingoveroflearnedbehaviourfromonetosituationtoanther.[(学习理论中)指将学会了的行为从一种情境转移到另一种情境。]1)AssociatedTransfer(联想转移)通过联想而产生词义转移,即原指称某一事物的词后来转指称另一事物的演化过程。figurativeextensione.g.thelipofawound/acupthetongueofabell/offire
7、theteethofasaw/acombthenoseofaplane/aship2)Transferbetweenabstractandconcretee.g.room:a.spacec.threeroomsgrasp:a.afirmholdwiththehandsandarmsc.powerorabilitytounderstand(Sheseemstohaveagoodgraspofthesubject.)3)Transfer
此文档下载收益归作者所有