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1、Chapter1TheGeneralSurveyofaWordI. DefinitionofawordFromthelexicologicalpointofview,awordisacombinationofform(phonological)andmeaning(lexicalandgrammatical).Inaddition,awordactsasastructuralunitofasentence.(P301)词是语音、意义和语法特点三者统一的整体。词又是语句的基本结构单位。Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethath
2、asagivensound,meaningandsyntacticfunction.II. Soundandmeaning（语音与意义）Twopointsofviewabouttherelationbetweensoundandmeaningofaword:TheNaturalists(自然派)maintainthatthereisanaturalconnectionbetweensoundandmeaning.TheConventionalists(习惯派)holdthattherelationsbetweensoundandmeaningareconven
3、tionalandarbitraryWordsthatconveythesamemeaninghavedifferentphonologicalformsindifferentlanguages:我们(Chinese)，we(English),nous(French)Thesamephonologicalformsmayconveydifferentmeanings:sight,site,cite;忙，盲，氓，茫，芒IIIMeaningandconceptConceptisacategoryofhumancognition.Itisanabstractionf
4、romthingsofthesamekind.Itreferstosomethingingeneralwhilethemeaningofawordcanrefertosomethingbothingeneralandinparticular.e.g.(1)Wehavebeguntorealizethattheautomobileisamixedblessing.(2)Theautomobilewasstalledinasnowstorm.Page301IV.Lexicalitemandvocabulary(P302-303)ClassificationofWo
5、rdsbyusefrequency:basicwordstock(基本词汇)andnonbasicvocabularybynotion:contentwords/fullwordsandfunctionalwords/formwordsbyorigin:nativewordsandborrowedwordsbymorphology:simplewords,compoundsandderivedwordsBasicWordStockandNonbasicVocabulary1).AllNationalCharacterNaturalphenomenaHumanb
6、odyandrelationsNamesofplantsandanimalsAction,size,domain,stateNumerals,pronouns,prepositions,conjunctions2)Stability3)ProductivityWordsofthebasicwordstockaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords.Theycaneachbeusedalone,andatthesametimecanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes,e.g.e.g.foot
7、,footage（以英尺表示的）尺码,football,footpath,footer,footprintandsoon.Inthesameway,dogisthefatherofdoglike,dogcheap,dogfight混战,狗咬狗,dog-ear书页的折角,dogpaddle,dogsleep(不时惊醒的睡眠),tonamejustafew.4)PolysemyMostwordsofthebasicwordstockhaveundergonetransformationsinsemanticstructureinthecourseofuseandb
8、ecomepolysemous.5)C
