语言学补充练习(1-3).doc

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1、第一章语言学入门知识：I.名词解释1．culturaltransmission(asadefiningpropertyoflanguage)Answer:Whilehumancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,thedetailsofanylanguagesystemarenotgeneticallytransmitted,butinsteadhavetobetaughtandlearned.AnEnglishspeakerandaChinesespeakerarebothabletousealanguage,

2、buttheyarenotmutuallyintelligible.Thisshowsthatlanguageisculturallytransmitted.Itispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughteachingandlearning,ratherthanbyinstinct.Incontrast,animalcallsystemsaregeneticallytransmitted.Theyarebornwiththecapacitytoproducethesetofcallspeculiart

3、otheirspecies.2．descriptivelinguisticsvs.prescriptivelinguisticsAnswer:Alinguisticstudyisdescriptiveifitdescribesandanalysesfactsobserved;itisprescriptiveifittriestolaydownrulesfor"correct"behavior.Linguisticstudiesbeforethe204centuryarelargelyprescriptivewhereasmodemlinguist

4、icismostlydescriptive.II.判断正误（TforTrueandFforFalse）1.Whenlanguageisusedtogetinformation,itservesaninformativefunction.Answer:F(Itservesaninterrogative精选范本,供参考！function).2．Mostanimalcommunicationsystemslacktheprimarylevelofarticulation.Answer:F(Theprimaryunitsinthesesystemscan

5、notbefurtherdividedintoelements.Sowhattheylackisthesecondarylevelofarticulation.)3．Descriptivelinguisticsareconcernedwithhowlanguageswork,notwithhowtheycanbeimproved.Answer:TIII.填空题1．Bysayingthat"languageisarbitrary",wemeanthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningand______

6、_.Answer:sounds2．ThedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleismadebytheSwisslinguistEdeSaussure.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformanceismadebytheAmericanlinguist__________.Answer:NoamChomsky3．Anapproachtolinguisticstudywhichattemptstolaydownrulesofcorrectnessastohowlanguagesh

7、ouldbeusedis_______.Answer:prescriptiveIV.选择题1．Unlikeanimalcommunicationsystem,humanlanguageis精选范本,供参考！______.A.stimulusfreeB.stimulusboundC.underimmediatestimuluscontrolD.stimulatedbysomeoccurrenceofcommunalinterestAnswer：A2.____hasbeenwidelyacceptedastheforefatherofmodemlin

8、guistics.a.Chomskyb.Saussurec.Bloomfieldd.JohnLyonAnswer:bV.问答题l.Isl