语言学补充练习(1-3)

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1、第一章语言学入门知识：I.名词解释1．culturaltransmission(asadefiningpropertyoflanguage)Answer:Whilehumancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,thedetailsofanylanguagesystemarenotgeneticallytransmitted,butinsteadhavetobetaughtandlearned.AnEnglishspeakerandaChinesespeakerarebothable

2、tousealanguage,buttheyarenotmutuallyintelligible.Thisshowsthatlanguageisculturallytransmitted.Itispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughteachingandlearning,ratherthanbyinstinct.Incontrast,animalcallsystemsaregeneticallytransmitted.Theyarebornwiththecapacityt

3、oproducethesetofcallspeculiartotheirspecies.2．descriptivelinguisticsvs.prescriptivelinguisticsAnswer:Alinguisticstudyisdescriptiveifitdescribesandanalysesfactsobserved;itisprescriptiveifittriestolaydownrulesfor"correct"behavior.Linguisticstudiesbeforethe204cent

4、uryarelargelyprescriptivewhereasmodemlinguisticismostlydescriptive.II.判断正误（TforTrueandFforFalse）1.Whenlanguageisusedtogetinformation,itservesaninformativefunction.Answer:F(Itservesaninterrogativefunction).2．Mostanimalcommunicationsystemslacktheprimarylevelofart

5、iculation.Answer:F(Theprimaryunitsinthesesystemscannotbefurtherdividedintoelements.Sowhattheylackisthesecondarylevelofarticulation.)3．Descriptivelinguisticsareconcernedwithhowlanguageswork,notwithhowtheycanbeimproved.Answer:TIII.填空题1．Bysayingthat"languageisarbi

6、trary",wemeanthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningand_______.Answer:sounds2．ThedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleismadebytheSwisslinguistEdeSaussure.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformanceismadebytheAmericanlinguist__________.Answer:NoamChomsky3．Ana

7、pproachtolinguisticstudywhichattemptstolaydownrulesofcorrectnessastohowlanguageshouldbeusedis_______.Answer:prescriptiveIV.选择题1．Unlikeanimalcommunicationsystem,humanlanguageis______.A.stimulusfreeB.stimulusboundC.underimmediatestimuluscontrolD.stimulatedbysomeo

8、ccurrenceofcommunalinterestAnswer：A2.____hasbeenwidelyacceptedastheforefatherofmodemlinguistics.a.Chomskyb.Saussurec.Bloomfieldd.JohnLyonAnswer:bV.问答题l.Islanguageproductiveo