词汇学复习资料.doc

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1、Episode1:AGeneralSurveyofWord1.Word---Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.2.Vocabulary---Vocabularyismostcommonlyusedtorefertothesumtotalofallthewordsofalanguage.Itcanalsorefertoallthewordsofagivendialect,agivenbook,agivensubjectandallthewordspossessed

2、byanindividualpersonaswellasallthewordscurrentinaparticularperiodoftimeinhistory.ThegeneralestimateofthepresentdayEnglishvocabularyisover2millionwords.3.Contentword(notionalword)---denoteclearnotionsandthusareknownasnotionalwords.Theyincludenouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals.4.Borrowedwords(

3、loanwords,borrowing)---wordstakenoverfromforeignlanguageareknownasborrowedwordsorloanwordsorborrowingsinsimpleterms.Accordingtothedegreeofassimilationandmannerofborrowing,wecanbringtheloanwordsunder4classes:Denizens,Aliens,translationloans,Semanticloans5.Semanticloans---arenotborrowedwithreferencet

4、otheform,buttheirmeaningareborrowedfromanotherlanguage.Inotherwords,Englishhasborrowedanewmeaningforanexistingwordinlanguage. e.g.stupidolddump6.Reference–therelationshipbetweenlanguageandtheworld.Bymeansofreference,aspeakerindicateswhichthingsintheworld(includingpersons)arebeingtalkedab out. There

5、ferenceofawordtoathingoutsidethelanguageisarbitraryandconventional.Thisconnectionistheresultofgeneralizationandabstraction.Althoughreferenceisabstract,yetwiththehelpofcontext,itcanrefertosomethingspecific.7.Concept–whichbeyondlanguageistheresultofhumancognitionreflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanm

6、ind.Itisn’taffectedbylanguage.Meaningandconceptarecloselyconnectedbutnotidentical.Meaningbelongstolanguage,soisrestrictedtolanguageuse.Aconceptcanhaveasmanyreferringexpressionsastherearelanguagesintheworld.8.Sense---denotestherelationshipinsidethelanguage.Everywordthathasmeaninghassense. Thesenseof

7、anexpressionisitsplaceinasystemofsemanticrelationshipswithotherexpressionsinthelanguage.1.Whatistheimportanceofbasicwordstock?Thebasicwordstockisthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformst