《英语词汇学》复习资料new

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1、第一章1.Word——Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.2.Thereisnologicalrelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningasthesymbolicconnectionbetweenthemisarbitraryandconventional.E.g.“woman”means’Frau’inGerman，’Femme’inFrenchand’Funv’inChinese.Ontheotherhand，thesameso

2、und/rait/canmeanright，riteandwrite，thoughdenotingdifferentthings，yethavethesamesound.3.Thedifferencebetweensoundandformresultfrom4majorfactors.（Atleast80%oftheEnglishwordsfitconsistentspellingpatterns）a）.theinternalreasonisEnglishalphabetdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachsoundinthelanguag

3、e.b）.Pronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingc）.Influenceoftheworkofscribes/printingfreezesthespellingofwordsin1500d）.Borrowingofforeignlanguage4.Vocabulary——Vocabularyismostcommonlyusedtorefertothesumtotalofallthewordsofalanguage.Itcanalsorefertoallthewordsofagivendialect，agivenbook，agive

4、nsubjectandallthewordspossessedbyanindividualpersonaswellasallthewordscurrentinaparticularperiodoftimeinhistory.ThegeneralestimateofthepresentdayEnglishvocabularyisover1millionwords.5.ClassificationofWords—byusefrequency，bynotion，byorigin1）.Basicwordstock–thefoundationofthevocabulary.1.allnation

5、alcharacter（mostimportant）–naturalphenomenamostcommonthingsandphenomenaofthehumanbodyandrelationsworldaroundusnamesofplantsandanimalsaction，size，domain，statenumerals，pronouns，prep.，conj.2.stability–theydonatethecommonestthingnecessarytolife，theyareliketoremainunchanged.Onlyrelative，someareunderg

6、oingsomechanges.Butthechangeisslow.e.g.arrow，bow，chariot，knight–pastelectricity，machine，car，plane——now3.productivity–theyaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords，theycanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes.e.g.foot–football，footage，footpath，footer4.polysemy–oftenpossessmorethanonemeaning.Becomepoly

7、semous.e.g.taketomoveorcarryfromoneplacetoanothertoremove5.collocability–quiteanumberofsetexpressions，idiomaticusages，proverbialsayingandotherse.g.heart–achangeofheart，aheartofgoldNon-basicvocabulary——1.terminology–technical