英语词汇学复习资料

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1、《英语词汇学》复习资料IntroductionEnglishasaglobal1.Lexicology（词汇学）isabranchoflinguistics（语言学）.2.Lexicology和哪些重要的学科建立了联系1)Morphology（构词学）2)Semantics（语义学）3)Stylistics（语体学）4)Etymology（词源学）3.研究lexicology的两大方法1)Diachronicapproach:历时语言学2)Synchronicapproach:共时语言学Chapter1Lexi

2、cologyandbasicconceptsofwordsandvocabulary1.Word——Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.2.Thereisnologicalrelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningasthesymbolicconnectionbetweenthemisarbitrary(任意的)andconventional（约定的,俗称的

3、）.3.sound＆formThesoundshouldbesimilarto/consistentwiththeform,buttherearesomeillogical不合逻辑的andirregularity不规则的1)influencedbyRomans2)Pronunciationchanged3)earlyscribes（抄写员）4)borrowing4.Vocabulary——Notonlycanitrefertothetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguage,butitca

4、nstandforallthewordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod.5.ClassificationofWordsbasicfull/content实义词native/Anglo-Saxonwordsfrequencynotionoriginnonbasic/vocabularyfunctional/empty功能词borrowed/loan(1)Thecharacteristicsofbasicwordstock–thefoundationofthevocabulary

5、accumulatedovercenturiesandformstheAllnationalcharactercommoncareofthelanguage.Stability（稳定性）Productivity（多产性）Polysemy（一词多义）Collocability（可搭配性）neutralinstyle（中立性）(2)Twofeatureofnativewordsfrequentinuse据现代语言学家的统计，英语中目前所占本族词的数量有多少?50,000to60,000他们的来源是(Anglo_Sa

6、xontongue)(3)什么叫borrowedwords?1)wordstakenoverfromforeignlanguagesareknowasborrowedwordsorloanwordsorborrowingsinsimpleterms.2)ItisestimatedthatEnglishborrowingsconstitute80percentofthemodernEnglishvocabulary3)TheEnglishlanguagehasvastdebts.Inanydictionaryso

7、me80%oftheentriesareborrowed.Chapter2ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishvocabulary1.OldEnglish属于Indo-Europeanlanguagefamily（印欧语系）——Germanic（日耳曼语系），与德语最相似.2.History　1）OldEnglish（450-1150）a.Thefirstpeopleknowntoinhabit（居住）EnglandwereCelts，thelanguagewasCeltic（凯尔特语）.b.T

8、hesecondlanguagewastheLatin（拉丁语）oftheRomanLegions（罗马军队）.Romaninvasion→Anglo-Saxon三个事件TheintroductionofChristianity→拉丁文的涌入Vikinginvasion（北欧海盗）andScandinavian斯堪的纳维亚语传入2）MiddleEnglish（1150-1500）　　T