《英语词汇学》复习资料

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1、《英语词汇学》复习资料　　Chapter1　　1.Word——Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.　　2.Thereisnologicalrelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningasthesymbolicconnectionbetweenthemisarbitraryandconventional.E.g.“woman”means‘Frau’inGerman，’Femme

2、’inFrenchand’Funv’inChinese.Ontheotherhand，thesamesound/rait/canmeanright，riteandwrite，thoughdenotingdifferentthings，yethavethesamesound.　　3.Thedifferencebetweensoundandformresultfrom4majorfactors.　　（Atleast80%oftheEnglishwordsfitconsistentspellingpatterns）　　a）.thei

3、nternalreasonisEnglishalphabetdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachsoundinthelanguage.　　b）.Pronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspelling　　c）.Influenceoftheworkofscribes/printingfreezesthespellingofwordsin1500　　d）.Borrowingofforeignlanguage　　4.Vocabulary——Vocabu

4、laryismostcommonlyusedtorefertothesumtotalofallthewordsofalanguage.Itcanalsorefertoallthewordsofagivendialect，agivenbook，agivensubjectandallthewordspossessedbyanindividualpersonaswellasallthewordscurrentinaparticularperiodoftimeinhistory.　　Thegeneralestimateofthepre

5、sentdayEnglishvocabularyisover1millionwords.　　5.ClassificationofWords—byusefrequency，bynotion，byorigin1）.Basicwordstock–thefoundationofthevocabulary.Fivefeaturesofbasicwordstock　　1.allnationalcharacter（mostimportant）–naturalphenomena　　mostcommonthingsandphenomenaoft

6、hehumanbodyandrelations　　worldaroundusnamesofplantsandanimals　　action，size，domain，state　　numerals，pronouns，prep.，conj.　　2.stability–theydonatethecommonestthingnecessarytolife，theyareliketoremainunchanged.Onlyrelative，someareundergoingsomechanges.Butthechangeisslow.　

7、　e.g.arrow，bow，chariot，knight–pastelectricity，machine，car，plane——now　　3.productivity–theyaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords，theycanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes.e.g.foot–football，footage，footpath，footer　　4.polysemy–oftenpossessmorethanonemeaning.Becomepoly

8、semous.　　e.g.taketomoveorcarryfromoneplacetoanother　　toremove　　5.collocability–quiteanumberofsetexpressions，idiomaticusages，proverbialsayi