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1、Episode1:AGeneralSurveyofWord1.Word…Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.2.Vocabulary一-Vocabularyismostcommonlyusedtorefertothesumtotalofallthewordsofalanguage・Itcanalsorefertoallthewordsofagivendialect,agi
2、venbook,agivensubjectandallthewordspossessedbyanindividualpersonaswellasallthewordscurrentinaparticularperiodoftimeinhistory・ThegeneralestimateofthepresentdayEnglishvocabularyisover2millionwords.3.Contentword(notionalword)denoteclearnotionsandthusarekn
3、ownasnotionalwords・Theyincludenouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals.4.BoiTOwedwords(loanwords,borrowing)™wordstakenoverfromforeignlanguageareknownasborrowedwordsorloanwordsorborrowingsinsimpleterms.Accordingtothedegreeofassimilationandmannerofborro
4、wing,wecanbringtheloanwordsunder4classes:Denizens,Aliens,translationloans,Semanticloans5.Semanticloans—arenotborrowedwithreferencetotheform,buttheirmeaningareborrowedfromanotherlanguage・Inotherwords,Englishhasborrowedanewmeaningforanexistingwordinlangu
5、age・e.g.stupidolddump6.Reference-therelationshipbetweenlanguageandtheworld・Bymeansofreference,aspeakerindicateswhichthingsintheworld(includingpersons)arebeingtalkedabout.Thereferenceofawordtoathingoutsidethelanguageisarbitraryandconventional.Thisconnec
6、tionistheresultofgeneralizationandabstraction.Althoughreferenceisabstract,yetwiththehelpofcontext,itcanrefertosomethingspecific.7.Concept-whichbeyondlanguageistheresultofhumancognitionreflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.Itisn'taffectedbylanguage・
7、Meaningandconceptarecloselyconnectedbutnotidentical.Meaningbelongstolanguage,soisrestrictedtolanguageuse.Aconceptcanhaveasmanyreferringexpressionsastherearelanguagesintheworld.&Sense-一denotestherelationshipinsidethelanguage.Everywordthathasmeaninghasse
8、nse.Thesenseofanexpressionisitsplaceinasystemofsemanticrelationshipswithotherexpressionsinthelanguage・1.Whatistheimportanceofbasicwordstock?Thebasicwordstockisthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecommoncoreofth
