英语词汇学总结复习资料

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1、大家请注意：笔记中大多数是以名词解释的形式出现的，这些是绝对的基础，应该一字不漏的背下来。其实不少简答题也就是几个定义的汇总，再加上个例子就可以拿满分了。区分两个词的区别，主要还是指明其各自的定义。　　第一章BasicConceptsofWordsandVocabulary　　1.词的定义Word——Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.　　2.声音与意义的关系Thereisnologicalrelationshipbetw

2、eensoundandmeaningasthesymbolicconnectionbetweenthemisarbitraryandconventional.E.g.“woman”means’Frau’inGerman，’Femme’inFrenchand’Funv’inChinese.Ontheotherhand，thesamesound/rait/canmeanright，riteandwrite，thoughdenotingdifferentthings，yethavethesamesound.　　3.读音与拼写不一致的原因Thediffere

3、ncebetweensoundandformresultfrom4majorfactors.　　（Atleast80%oftheEnglishwordsfitconsistentspellingpatterns）　　a）.theinternalreasonisEnglishalphabetdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachsoundinthelanguage.　　b）.Pronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspelling　　c）.Influenceofthewor

4、kofscribes/printingfreezesthespellingofwordsin1500　　d）.Borrowingofforeignlanguage　　4.词汇的含义Vocabulary——Vocabularyismostcommonlyusedtorefertothesumtotalofallthewordsofalanguage.Itcanalsorefertoallthewordsofagivendialect，agivenbook，agivendisplineandallthewordspossessedbyanindividu

5、alpersonaswellasallthewordscurrentinaparticularperiodoftimeinhistory.　　ThegeneralestimateofthepresentdayEnglishvocabularyisover1millionwords.5.词汇的分类的原则ClassificationofWords—byusefrequency，bynotion，byorigintheEnglishvocabularyconsistofwordsofallkinds.theycanbeclassifiedbydiffere

6、ntcriteriaandfordifferentpurpose.wordsmayfallintothewordstockandnonbasicvocabularybyusefrequency,intocontentwordsandfunctionalwordsbynotion,andintonativewordsandborrowedwordsbyorigin.基本词汇的特点　　1）.Basicwordstock–thefoundationofthevocabulary.　　1.allnationalcharacter（mostimportant）

7、–naturalphenomena　　mostcommonthingsandphenomenaofthehumanbodyandrelations　　worldaroundusnamesofplantsandanimals　action，size，domain，state　　numerals，pronouns，prep.，conj.　　2.stability–theydonatethecommonestthingnecessarytolife，theyareliketoremainunchanged.Onlyrelative，someareunder

8、goingsomechanges.Butthechangeisslow.　　e.g.arrow，bow，ch