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1、1.TheTheatreoftheAbsurd:Itcameintovogueinthe1950sand1960s.TheTheatreoftheAbsurdreferstosomeplaysthethemeofwhichcentersonthemeaninglessnessoflifewithitspainandsufferingthatseemsfunny,evenridiculous.2.Afro-AmericanLiterature/BlackLiterature:ThestudyofA
2、fro-AmericanLiteraturebecomesmoreimportantinAmerica.Therearetwomainreasons:firstly,therecognitioninthelasthalfcenturyofblackpeopleasasignificantpartofAmericancultureisgrowing;secondly,theimpressivescopeandqualityofNegrowritingduringthesameperiodhasbe
3、engreatlydeveloped.3.AmericanNaturalism:Americannaturalismwasanewandharsherrealism,andlikerealism,ithadcomefromEurope.NaturalismwasanoutgrowthofRealismthatrespondedtotheoriesinscience,psychology,humanbehaviorandsocialthoughtcurrentinthelatenineteenth
4、century.4.AmericanPuritanism:PuritanismisthepracticesandbeliefstothePuritans.ThePuritanswereoriginallymembersofadivisionoftheProtestantChurch,whocameintoexistenceinthereignsofQueenElizabethandKingJamesⅠ.Thefirstsettlerswhobecamethefoundingfathersofth
5、eAmericannationwerequiteafewofthemPuritans.5.AmericanRomanticism:TheRomanticPeriodcoversthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury.ArisingAmericawithitsidealsofdemocracyandequality,itsindustrialization,itswestwardexpansion,andavarietyofforeigninfluencessucha
6、sSirWalterScottwereamongtheimportantfactorswhichmadeliteraryexpansionandexpressionnotonlypossiblebutalsoinevitableintheperiodimmediatelyfollowingthenation’spoliticalindependence.6.AmericanTranscendentalism:Itismoreofatendency,anattitude,thanthephilos
7、ophyofTranscendentalists.To“transcend”somethingistoriseaboveit,topassbeyonditslimits.TranscendentalisttooktheirideasfromtheromanticliteratureofEurope,FromNew-Platoism,fromGermanidealisticphilosophy,andfromtherevelationsofOriental-mysticism.Theyspokef
8、orculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety.7.TheBeatGeneration:ThetermwasintroducedbyJackKerouacinapproximately1948todescribehissocialcircletothenovelistJohnClellonHolmes.Themembersofthebeatgenerationwerenewbohemianlibertines,who
