美国文学史术语翻译 作家作品

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1、Puritanism:Areligiousdoctrinethatadvocateshardwork,self-discipline,thrift,andsobriety,regardslabourasone’sdivinetask,withouttheenjoymentofthefruitofthelabour.ThepurposeistopurifythecorruptedchurchashadbeenestablishedbyJesusChrishimself.JohncottonandWilliamrogerRomanticismIsintellectualmoveme

2、ntoriginatinginGermanyattheendof18thcenturythatgainedstrengthinWesternEuropeaftertheIndustrialRevolution,inthereactiontothesocialandpoliticalnormsoftheAgeofEnlightenment,itsscientificrationalizationofnature.Theromanticvaluesrevolvedaroundthefullspectrumofthehumanemotionalsideembracingitsinst

3、inctsandrejectingtheconventionsoftheAgeofReason.Romanticism的特点：frequentlysharedcertaingeneralcharacteristics,moralenthusiasm,faithinthevalueofindividualismandintuitiveperception,andapresumptionthathenaturalworldwasasourceofcorruption.Transcendentalismasamoralphilosophy,transcendentalismwasne

4、itherlogicalnorsystematized.Itexaltedfeelingoverreason,individualexpressionovertherestraintsoflawandcustom.2)theyspokeforculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety.3）theybelieveinthetranscendenceof"oversoul",anall-pervadingpowerforgoodnessfromwhichallthingscomeandofwhichal

5、lthingsareapart. Emerson第一个提出idealism代表人物：Emerson，believedthatmanwasapartofabsolutegood。Thoreau ，behelddivinityinthe“unspottedinnocence”ofnature.Social&culturalbackground1aprotestofintellectualismanddoctrineofthechurch2aprotestofforeigninfluencesAidealisticphilosophyofGerman&France(FichteSch

6、ellingandKant)BorientalmysticismHinduworks,Buddhism/thedoctrineandphilosophyofChineseConfuciusandMencius3productofthedualheritageofAmericanPuritanismInnercommunicationofthesoulwithGod/puritanprincipleofselfcultureandself-improvement.Features:1emphasisonthespiritoroversoul2emphasisontheimport

7、anceofindividual3natureasthesymbolicofGod/spirit/oversoulRealismisamovementinEuropeanandAmericanliteraturefrom1830stotheendofthecentury.Thisnewattitudewascharacterizedbyagreatinterestintherealitiesoflife.Itaimedattheinterpretationoftheactualitiesof