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时间:2019-07-06
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1、Puritanism:Areligiousdoctrinethatadvocateshardwork,self-discipline,thrift,andsobriety,regardslabourasone’sdivinetask,withouttheenjoymentofthefruitofthelabour.ThepurposeistopurifythecorruptedchurchashadbeenestablishedbyJesusChrishimself.JohncottonandWilliamrogerRomanticismIsintellectualmoveme
2、ntoriginatinginGermanyattheendof18thcenturythatgainedstrengthinWesternEuropeaftertheIndustrialRevolution,inthereactiontothesocialandpoliticalnormsoftheAgeofEnlightenment,itsscientificrationalizationofnature.Theromanticvaluesrevolvedaroundthefullspectrumofthehumanemotionalsideembracingitsinst
3、inctsandrejectingtheconventionsoftheAgeofReason.Romanticism的特点:frequentlysharedcertaingeneralcharacteristics,moralenthusiasm,faithinthevalueofindividualismandintuitiveperception,andapresumptionthathenaturalworldwasasourceofcorruption.Transcendentalismasamoralphilosophy,transcendentalismwasne
4、itherlogicalnorsystematized.Itexaltedfeelingoverreason,individualexpressionovertherestraintsoflawandcustom.2)theyspokeforculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety.3)theybelieveinthetranscendenceof"oversoul",anall-pervadingpowerforgoodnessfromwhichallthingscomeandofwhichal
5、lthingsareapart. Emerson第一个提出idealism代表人物:Emerson,believedthatmanwasapartofabsolutegood。Thoreau ,behelddivinityinthe“unspottedinnocence”ofnature.Social&culturalbackground1aprotestofintellectualismanddoctrineofthechurch2aprotestofforeigninfluencesAidealisticphilosophyofGerman&France(FichteSch
6、ellingandKant)BorientalmysticismHinduworks,Buddhism/thedoctrineandphilosophyofChineseConfuciusandMencius3productofthedualheritageofAmericanPuritanismInnercommunicationofthesoulwithGod/puritanprincipleofselfcultureandself-improvement.Features:1emphasisonthespiritoroversoul2emphasisontheimport
7、anceofindividual3natureasthesymbolicofGod/spirit/oversoulRealismisamovementinEuropeanandAmericanliteraturefrom1830stotheendofthecentury.Thisnewattitudewascharacterizedbyagreatinterestintherealitiesoflife.Itaimedattheinterpretationoftheactualitiesof
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