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1、American Puritanism清教主义: PuritanismisthepracticesandbeliefsofthePuritans.ThePuritanswereoriginallymembersofadivisionoftheProtestantChurch.ThefirstsettlerswhobecamethefoundingfathersoftheAmericannationwerequiteafewofthem.Theywereagroupofserious,religiou
2、speople,advocatinghighlyreligiousandmoralprinciples.Astheworditselfhints,Puritanswantedtopuritytheirreligiousbeliefsandpractices.Theyacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgraceformG
3、od.Asacultureheritage,PuritanismdidhaveaprofoundinfluenceontheearlyAmericanmind.AmericanPuritanismalsohadanenduringinfluenceonAmericanliterature.美国清教主义：清教主义是新教徒的原来的一个分支——清教徒的行为和信仰。在美国的第一批居民中有很多就是清教徒，他们有着严格的宗教信仰和道德准则。就像这个词所暗指的那样，清教徒们想“清化”他们的宗教信仰和行为习惯。他们
4、相信宿命论、原罪说、全体堕落和有限的赎罪。作为一种文化遗产，美国清教主义在早期美国人的思想上有着深刻的影响，他对美国文学的影响也是颇为持久的。American Dream: American dream means the belief that everyone can succeed as long as he/she works hard enough. It usually implies a successful and satisfying life. It usually framed
5、 in terms of American capitalism, its associated purported meritocracy,（知识界精华） and the freedoms guaranteed by the U.S. Bill of Rights.AmericanRomanticism:TheRomanticPeriodcoversthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury.ArisingAmericawithitsidealsofdemocracyandequal
6、ity,itsindustrialization,itswestwardexpansion,andavarietyofforeigninfluenceswereamongtheimportantfactorswhichmadeliteraryexpansionandexpressionnotonlypossiblebutalsoinevitableintheperiodimmediatelyfollowingthenation’spoliticalindependence.Yet,romantics
7、frequentlysharedcertaingeneralcharacteristics:moralenthusiasm,faithinvalueofindividualismandintuitiveperception,andapresumptionthatthenaturalworldwasasourceofgoodnessandman’ssocietiesasourceofcorruption.RomanticvalueswereprominentinAmericanpolitics,art
8、,andphilosophyuntiltheCivilWar.Theromanticexaltationoftheindividualsuitedthenation’srevolutionaryheritageanditsfrontieregalitarianism.美国浪漫主义：浪漫主义阶段涵盖了19世纪前半页。美国的不断壮大和发展以及随之而来的明珠和平等的思想、工业化的发展、西北边疆的不断扩展和国外的各种影响使浪漫主义作家文学不但成为一种可能，而且使它成为美国政治
