翻译研究笔记 重要

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1、Chapter1: Mainissuesoftranslationstudies:1.Jacobson’scategoriesoftranslation: a.Intralingual;b.Interlingual;c.Intersemiotic(verbal-non-verbal).2.Historyofthediscipline:a.Fromthelate18thtothe1960s–grammar-translationmethod(replacedbycommunicativeapproachinthe1960san

2、d1970s);b.TheUSA1960s–translationworkshopconceptbasedonRichards’readingworkshopsandpracticalcriticismapproachthatbeganin1920s;runningparalleltothisapproachwasthatofcomparativeliterature;c.TheUSA1930s-1960s/70s–contrastiveanalysis;d.Moresystematic,andmostlylinguisti

3、c-oriented,approach1950s-1960s:i.J.-P.VinayandJ.Darbelnet(French/English);ii.A.Malblanc(French/German);iii.G.Mounin(linguisticissuesoftranslation);iv.E.Nida(basedonChomskygenerativegrammar).v.JamesS.Holmes’“Thenameandnatureoftranslationstudies”isconsideredtobethefo

4、undingstatementofanewdiscipline.vi.HermansManipulationSchoolvii.VieiraBraziliancannibalistschoolPostcolonialtheoryviii.Venuticultural-studies-orientedanalysisTheHolmes/Tourymapoftranslationstudies1:Translationstudies:1Purea)Theoretical(translationtheory) i)Generali

5、i)Partial2Applied a)Translatortrainingi)Teachingevaluationmethodsii)Testingtechniquesiii)Curriculumdesignb)Translationaids(1)Mediumrestricted(a)Bymachine:Alone/Withhumanaid(b)Byhumans:Written/Spoken:consecutive/simultaneous(2)Arearestricted(specificlanguages)(3)Ran

6、krestricted(word/sentence/text)(4)Text-typerestricted(genres:literary,business,technicaltranslations)(5)Timerestricted(periods) (6)Problemrestricted(specificproblemse.g.equivalence)b)Descriptive(DTS) i)Productoriented(examinesexistingtranslations)ii)Processoriented

7、(whathappensinthemindofatranslator)iii)Functionoriented(astudyofcontext/socio-translationstudies/cultural-studies-orientedtranslation)i)ITapplications(1)translationsoftware(2)on-linedatabases(3)useofinternetii)Dictionariesiii)Grammars c)Translationcriticismi)Evalua

8、tionoftranslationsii)Revisionofstudentstranslationsiii)ReviewsofpublishedtranslationsChapter2:Translationtheorybeforethe20thcentury:LiteralFreeAd