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1、2012年 Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.Theargumenthasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst(1)______ centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywriters favouredcertainkindof“free”translation:thespirit,nottheletter;the(2)_______ sensenotthewo
2、rd;themessagerathertheform;thematternot(3)_______ themanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho(4)_______ wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19th(5)_______ century,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthat thelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatth
3、elanguage(6)_______ wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible(7)_______ gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas(8)_______ literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe(9)_______ extreme“literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov
4、. Theargumentwastheoretical:thepurposeofthetranslation,the natureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Too often,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwith eachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.(10)_____2011年 Fromaveryearlyage,perhapsthe
5、ageoffiveorsix,Iknew thatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofabout 1__________seventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidso withtheconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthat 2___________soonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks. 3_
6、__________ Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyears 4__________oneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.ForthisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondevelopeddisagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmy 5_____________schooldays.Ihadthelonelychild'shabi
7、tofmakingupstoriesand holdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfrom 6_________ theverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof 7________beingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwordsandapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreated
