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1、2012年Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.Theargumenthasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst(1)______centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywritersfavoredcertainkindof“free”translation:thespirit,nottheletter;the(2)______
2、_sensenottheword;themessagerathertheform;thematternot(3)_______themanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho(4)_______wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19th(5)_______century,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthatthelinguisticbar
3、rierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguage(6)_______wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible(7)_______gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas(8)_______literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe(9)_______extreme“
4、literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.Theargumentwastheoretical:thepurposeofthetranslation,thenatureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Toooften,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwitheachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasi
5、cproblemremains.(10)_______2011年 Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,Iknew thatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofabout 1__________seventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidso withtheconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthat
6、 2___________soonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks. 3___________ Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyears 4__________oneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.ForthisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondevelop
7、eddisagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmy 5___________schooldays.Ihadthelonelychild'shabitofmakingupstoriesand holdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfrom 6_________ theverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof 7________
8、beingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwordsandapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreated 8________asortofprivateworldwhich
