技术创新对国际贸易的影响【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文TheeffectoftechnologicalinnovationoninternationaltradeMaterialSource:EconomicsdiscussionpapersAuthor:Márquez-Ramos,LauraMartínez-Zarzoso,InmaculadaInternationaltradetheoryhighlightstheimportanceoftechnologicalinnovationinexplainingacountry’sinte

2、rnationalcompetitiveness(Posner1961;Vernon1966; Fagerberg1997).Schumpeter(1944)viewedeconomicdevelopmentasadynamicprocessderivingfromindustryandexports,withinnovationplayingakeyroleinthedevelopmentofboth.Empiricalworklinkingtradetotechnologicalinnovat

3、ionbasedonagravityframeworkshowthattheeffectoftechnologicalinnovationonexportsvarieswithcountrycharacteristics.Lounganietal.(2002)assessedtheimportanceofinformationlinksthatassociatetechnologicalinnovationwithlowercommunicationcosts,andstatedthatthene

4、gativeeffectofphysicaldistanceontradecouldbereducedbyreducingthebarrierstoinformationalflows.Theseauthorsdistinguishedbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountrieswhenanalysingwhetherbetterinformationalinfrastructurecansubstituteforgeographicaldistance.Their

5、resultsindicatethatthedegreeofsubstitutionbetweenphysicalandinformationaldistancevariessystematicallybasedoncountrycharacteristics.Theauthorstestedforapurelylinearrelationshipbetweeninformationalinfrastructureandtradewithoutconsideringanythresholdeffe

6、cts.Finketal.(2005)analysedtheeffectofcommunicationcostsonbilateraltradeflowsbytakingintoaccountthatthiseffectmightvarywithsectoralcharacteristics.Theirresultsshowthatcross-countryvariationsincommunicationcostshaveasignificanteffectoninternationaltrad

7、e.Indeed,theyfoundthatlowercommunicationcostsfosterdifferentiatedgoodtradingtoagreaterextentthanhomogeneousgoodtrading.Sinceinformationandcommunicationneedsaremuchgreaterfordifferentiatedgoods,tradeinthese productsislikelytobemoresensitivetovariations

8、incommunicationcosts(Harris 1995).Theseresultsmaydependonthemeasureofinnovationthatisused.Indeed,Kuznets(1962)notedtheproblemswiththatthelackofappropriateinnovationmeasuresmaycreateineconomicresearchrelatedtoinventiveactivity.Inrecentyears,con