电子商务对国际贸易和就业的影响-外文翻译

《电子商务对国际贸易和就业的影响-外文翻译》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、TheImpactofE-commerceonInternationalTradeandEmployment(Partly)Thebenefitsofe-commerceoneconomyareclassifiedintothreegroups:firms,prices,productivity.Acombinationoftechnologicalandmarketforceshavecompelledcompaniestoexamineandreinventtheirsupplychainstrategies.Tostaycompetitive,

2、firmshavesearchedforgreatercoordinationandcollaborationamongsupplychainpartnerstowringouttheinefficienciesthatmightexistwithinfirmtransactions.Manyofthetransactionscanbedoneexternally,viaelectronicmarkets.TheInternetanditsapplicationshavethusservedtoenhancetheprocesstoincreasee

3、fficienciesinsupplychainmanagement.Moreover,ICTsallowsfirmstoidentifythemarketfortheinputstheyneedinproductionandsubstantiallyreducesthecostofgatheringandprocessinginformationaboutthepricesandinputcharacteristicsofdifferentgoodsandservices.Inaddition,informationandcommunication

4、technologiesmakeiteasiertointegrateandcontrolremoteoperationswithoutincurringprohibitivecosts.BetterICTsenableoptimizedoperationstobeestablishedinlowcostdomesticlocationsandcountrieswherecomparativeadvantageispresentfortheoutsourcedtask.E-commercethusfacilitatestheeffortsofcomp

5、aniestoseparateandspinouteveryconceivableactivityintheproductionprocesstoentitiesoutsidethefirm.Theavailableempiricalevidenceonpriceismixed.SomeofthefirststudiesfoundthatpricesofgoodssoldthroughtheInternetwereonaveragehigherthantheirequivalentpurchasedthroughtraditionalretailer

6、s.Amorerecentstudy,however,foundpricesforbooksandCDsonaveragetobeabout10percentlowerontheInternetcomparedwithtraditionalretailersinthe15UnitedStates.Evidenceondemandsensitivitytopriceisalsomixed,withsomeworksuggestingalowandothersahighpriceelasticityofdemand.Evidencefromcountri

7、esweretheuseofinformationandcommunicationtechnologiesiswidespreadsuggestssubstantialimprovementsinproductivity.InananalysisofthecontributionofinformationandcommunicationstechnologytoeconomicgrowthinnineOECDcountries,overthepasttwodecades,ICTscontributedbetween0.2and0.5%peryeart

8、oeconomicgrowth.Duringthesecondhalfofthe1990s,thiscont