《词的语义变化》PPT课件

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1、ChapterNinechangesinwordmeaningmaincontents:1.typesofsemanticchange2.causesofchangesinwordmeaningaimoflearningsemanticchange--enablelearnerstounderstandchangesinwordmeaningfromtheaspectsofhistory,psychology,society,etc.1.typesofsemanticchangegeneralization(extension)词义扩展B.specialization(narr

2、owing/restrictionshrinking）词义缩小C.elevation（amelioration)词义升格D.pejoration(degeneration)词义降格A.generalizationextension/stretching/widening/enlarging/expansion--aprocessbywhichawordoriginallyhadaspecializedmeaninghasnowbecomegeneralized,e.g.:manuscriptoriginalmeaning:sth.handwrittenpresentmeanin

3、g:anyauthor'scopywhetherhandwrittenortypedB.specialization/narrowing/restriction/shrinkingofwordmeaning--aprocessbywhichawordofwidemeaningacquiresanarrowerorspecializedsense,e.g.:meatoriginalmeaning:foodanddrinkingeneralC.elevation（amelioration)--aprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningst

4、opositionofimportance,e.g.:niceoriginalmeaning:foolishpresentmeaning:goodD.pejoration/degenerationdegradation/deterioration/catachresis---aprocessbywhichwordsoncehadrespectableorneutralmeaningshiftedtolessrespectable,orevenderogatorymeaning,e,g.:sillyoriginalmeaning:happypresentmeaning:fooli

5、sh2.causesofchangesinwordmeaningA.historical/socialcauseDutchactDutchuncletalkDutchIamDutched.I’maDutchmanif…takeFrenchleaveItalianhandfeedbackB.borrowing(stool/chair)C.psychologicalcausegaysleepingplaceD.linguisticcause(ellipsis)privateE.changesresultingfromthefiguresa.Hewasallowedtoleapfro

6、gthelongline.c.Shehasaseaoftrouble.e.U.SinfluencenosedivedinAfrica.Exercise:1.Whataretheextra-linguisticfactorsthatcausechangesinmeaning?2.Themeaningsof“lip”and“tongue”in“thelipofawound”and“thetongueofbell”haveexperienced____.a.extensionb.elevationc.associatedtransferd.degradation3.Alegalter

7、m“alibi”signifying“pleathattheaccusedisnotattheplacewhenthecrimeiscommitted”nowmeans“excuse”.Thischangeofword-meaningiscalled____.a.extensionb.narrowingc.degradationd.transfer4.Thechangeofmeaningmaybecausedby______factorswithinthelanguagesystem.