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ID:48154521
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时间:2020-01-16
《语义变化 词汇学课件.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、TeachingStepsLead-inNewClass:changesinwordmeaningSummary&PracticeAssignmentLead-inThefollowingsentencesarefromShakespeare’sHamlet.Canyoufigureoutthemeaningsoftheitalicizedwords?‘Therivalsofmywatch,bidthemmakehaste’‘Thustwicebefore,andjumpatthisdeadhour’‘ascommonasanythemostvulgart
2、hingtosense’‘Takeeachman’scensure,butreservethyjudgement’‘I’llwipeawayalltrivialfondrecords’‘Howpregnantsometimeshisrepliesare’Theitalicizedwordsmean“partner,just,common,opinion,foolish,meaningful”respectively.Itisnoteasyforustounderstandthesesentences.Shakespeareisperhapsmorediff
3、iculttounderstandthanmorerecentwritingsbecausemanyofhiswordswereusedindifferentsensefromwhattheyhavenowincontemporarydictionaries.Whyhavethewordmeaningschangedsomuch?Andhowhastheychanged?Vocabularyisthemostunstableelementofalanguageasitisundergoingconstantchangesbothinformandconte
4、nt.Comparativelyspeaking,thecontentisevenmoreunstablethantheform.“…almosteverywordweusetodayhasaslightlydifferentmeaningfromtheoneithadacenturyago:andacenturyagoithadaslightlydifferentmeaningfromtheoneithadacenturybeforethat”(Quirk)Newclass:ChangesinwordmeaningTypesofChangesLingui
5、stshaveobservedthatinsemanticchange,wordsoftenfollowcertainwell-markedtendencies.Amongthemorecommonoftheseare:A.Narrowingofmeaning(narrowing/specialization)B.Extensionofmeaning(extension/generalization)C.Degenerationofmeaning(degradation/pejoration)D.Elevationofmeaning(elevation/a
6、melioration)A.NarrowingNarrowingofmeaning,alsocalledspecialization,isaprocessbywhichawordofwidemeaningacquiresanarrowerorspecializedsensewhichisapplicabletoonlyoneoftheobjectsithadpreviouslydenoted.Typicalexamples:meatOldMeaningSpecializedMeaningfoodFleshofanimalsliquorOldMeaningS
7、pecializedmeaningliquidalcoholicdrinkMoreexamples:wordOldmeaningSpecializationdiseasediscomfortillnesspoisondrinkPoisonousdrinkwifewomanmarriedwomanaccidenteventunluckyeventgirlAchildAfemalechildWhenacommonwordisturnedintoapropernoun,themeaningisnarrowedaccordinglysuchasa.‘theCity
8、’,whichmeans‘thebusinesscentreofL
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